Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters) ›› 2021, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (6): 765-776.DOI: 10.1007/s40195-020-01172-3
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Chuanfeng Wu1, Junmei Chen1(), Zhiyuan Yu1, Hao Lu1, Chun Yu1(), Jijin Xu1
Received:
2020-08-02
Revised:
2020-09-08
Accepted:
2020-09-22
Online:
2021-06-10
Published:
2021-05-31
Contact:
Junmei Chen,Chun Yu
About author:
Chun Yu,yuchun1980@sjtu.edu.cnChuanfeng Wu, Junmei Chen, Zhiyuan Yu, Hao Lu, Chun Yu, Jijin Xu. Ductility Anisotropy Induced by Ferrite in Direct Laser Deposited 17-4 PH Steel: Combined Microstructure and Dislocation Density Simulation[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2021, 34(6): 765-776.
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C | Mn | P | S | Si | Cr | Ni | Cu |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.049 | 0.48 | 0.019 | 0.003 | 0.52 | 16.02 | 4.00 | 3.35 |
Table 1 Chemical composition (wt %) of 17-4 PH powder
C | Mn | P | S | Si | Cr | Ni | Cu |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.049 | 0.48 | 0.019 | 0.003 | 0.52 | 16.02 | 4.00 | 3.35 |
Fig. 1 a Alternating cross scan strategy used in the DLD process; b extraction scheme of the tensile specimens from the integrated 17-4 PH part; building direction was along the Z-axis, and scanning surfaces were parallel to the XY plane; c geometry of tensile specimens; the blue area of the sample was cut for OM and EBSD characterization after tensile tests
Yield stress (MPa) | Ultimate stress (MPa) | Uniform elongation (%) | |
---|---|---|---|
XY | 624 (+10.75, - 10.05) | 1209.72 (+8.09, - 9.02) | 6.23 (+1.69, - 1.25) |
YZ | 1001.2 (+72.65, - 58.42) | 1232.68 (+16.57, - 8.30) | 1.45 (+0.78, - 0.97) |
XZ | 685.63 (+58.37, - 69.04) | 1171.39 (+8.07, - 11.29) | 4.45 (+0.57, - 0.31) |
Table 2 Summary of tensile properties in different surfaces of the DLD 17-4 PH part
Yield stress (MPa) | Ultimate stress (MPa) | Uniform elongation (%) | |
---|---|---|---|
XY | 624 (+10.75, - 10.05) | 1209.72 (+8.09, - 9.02) | 6.23 (+1.69, - 1.25) |
YZ | 1001.2 (+72.65, - 58.42) | 1232.68 (+16.57, - 8.30) | 1.45 (+0.78, - 0.97) |
XZ | 685.63 (+58.37, - 69.04) | 1171.39 (+8.07, - 11.29) | 4.45 (+0.57, - 0.31) |
Fig. 3 Real microstructures of the samples: a, d XY sample; b, e YZ sample; c, f XZ sample. White dash lines in d-f show the prevalent orientations of ferrite in the current sample: inclined, vertical and horizontal ferrite, respectively
Fig. 6 Microstructural model (based on Fig. 3d-f) of a XY sample, b YZ sample, c XZ sample. The red area in a-c stands for the ferrite phase, and the blue area is the martensite phase. The enlarged figure in a shows details of the meshed model; LD represents the loading direction in the simulations
XY | YZ | XZ | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Martensite | Ferrite | Martensite | Ferrite | Martensite | Ferrite | |
σ0 (MPa) | 605.7 | 404.2 | 956.5 | 646 | 614.5 | 413 |
U (m-2) | 9.5 × 1016 | 6.9 × 1015 | 7.5 × 1016 | 5.7 × 1015 | 6.7 × 1016 | 8.8 × 1015 |
Ω | 48.4 | 3.7 | 43.2 | 31.6 | 17.2 | 1.8 |
ρ0 (m-2) | 3.4 × 1013 | 1.75 × 1013 | 3.8 × 1013 | 1.95 × 1013 | 3.1 × 1013 | 1.05 × 1013 |
Table 3 Calibrated parameters used in the dislocation density model of martensite and ferrite
XY | YZ | XZ | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Martensite | Ferrite | Martensite | Ferrite | Martensite | Ferrite | |
σ0 (MPa) | 605.7 | 404.2 | 956.5 | 646 | 614.5 | 413 |
U (m-2) | 9.5 × 1016 | 6.9 × 1015 | 7.5 × 1016 | 5.7 × 1015 | 6.7 × 1016 | 8.8 × 1015 |
Ω | 48.4 | 3.7 | 43.2 | 31.6 | 17.2 | 1.8 |
ρ0 (m-2) | 3.4 × 1013 | 1.75 × 1013 | 3.8 × 1013 | 1.95 × 1013 | 3.1 × 1013 | 1.05 × 1013 |
Fig. 9 Effect of ferrite orientations on degree of plastic deformation in ferrite at the global strain of 0.02. a-c Representative area of the XY, YZ, and XZ samples; d distributions of equivalent plastic strain along the corresponding arrows in a-c
Fig. 11 a Discrepancy (Δεp) in average equivalent plastic strain (PEEQ) between ferrite and martensite; b evolutions of strain localization factor in different samples
Fig. 12 a Relative frequency of kernel average misorientation (KAM) from deformed samples; b relative frequency of simulated equivalent plastic strain
Fig. 13 Stress triaxiality distributions of a XY sample, b YZ sample, c XZ sample, at the global strain of 0.02; d XY sample, e XZ sample at the global strain of 0.045
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