Improving the Mechanical and Tribological Properties of NiTi Alloys by Combining Cryo-Rolling and Post-Annealing

doi:10.1007/s40195-021-01253-x

Abstract

Abstract:

By combining cryo-rolling and post-annealing treatments, the nanostructured NiTi alloy is produced. A differential scanning calorimetry measurement was used to test the effect of the preparation process on phase transformation. The cryo-rolling changes the tensile fracture of NiTi alloy to a ductile manner. Interestingly, the recovered structure exhibits significant strength improvement, while the tensile plasticity is still comparable to that of the coarse-grained structure. This optimized mechanical performance is due to the strengthening effect of refined microstructure and the high work hardening capability rendered by moderate dislocation density. Ball-on-plate reciprocating dry-sliding wear test reveals that the nanostructured NiTi alloy also has enhanced wear resistance, which is primarily ascribed to the high content of residue martensite formed during cryo-rolling. These results provide an effective route to optimize the mechanical and wear properties of NiTi alloys.

Key words: NiTi alloy, Phase transformation, Strength and ductility, Wear resistance, Cryogenic rolling

Yong Wen, Yan-Fei Wang, Hao Ran, Wei Wei, Jun-Ming Zhang, Chong-Xiang Huang. Improving the Mechanical and Tribological Properties of NiTi Alloys by Combining Cryo-Rolling and Post-Annealing[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2022, 35(2): 317-325.

Figures/Tables 12

Table 1 Chemical compositions of the NiTi alloy (wt%)

Ti	Ni	Co	Cu	Cr	Nb	Fe	C	O + N	H
Bal	55.82	< 0.010	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 0.010	0.019	0.010	0.039	0.001

Fig. 1 Effects of the cryo-rolling and post-annealing on the transformation temperature and enthalpy: a DSC cooling and heating curves of the NiTi samples, b comparison in the phase transformation temperature (Ms, As) and the enthalpy change (△HM→A, △HA→M)

Table 2 Transformation temperature and enthalpy obtained by DSC measurements

Sample	Temperature	M_s (°C)	M_f (°C)	A_s (°C)	A_f (°C)	A^* (°C)	M^* (°C)	△H_M→A (J/g)	△H_A→M (J/g)
CG	25	- 20.2 ± 0.3	- 45.5 ± 0.4	- 18.4 ± 0.3	8.3 ± 0.4	- 1.2 ± 0.2	- 27.8 ± 0.5	1.8766	1.4211
LNR	400	32.1 ± 0.1	- 20.3 ± 0.4	- 12.6 ± 0.2	36.4 ± 0.3	19.4 ± 0.3	9.3 ± 0.2	3.6138	3.0945
	500	- 5.3 ± 0.5	- 30.7 ± 0.5	- 20.2 ± 0.4	- 1.3 ± 0.2	- 10.3 ± 0.4	- 18.3 ± 0.5	3.1798	1.7998
	600	- 29.4 ± 0.3	- 48.5 ± 0.6	- 20.4 ± 0.2	0.1 ± 0.2	- 9.2 ± 0.4	- 33.4 ± 0.6	1.7764	1.0935

Fig. 2 Engineering stress-strain curves

Table 3 Mechanical properties of the initial CG sample and the samples treated by cryo-rolling and post-mortem annealing

Sample	Annealing temperature ($^\circ{\rm C}$)	Yield plateau stress (MPa)	Ultimate strength (MPa)	Fracture elongation (%)
Initial CG	-	528 ± 9	909 ± 17	25.1 ± 2.3
LNR	-	-	1355 ± 20	22.1 ± 3.3
	300	-	1381 ± 26	22.7 ± 3.1
	400	415 ± 7	1431 ± 21	22.7 ± 3.4
	500	417 ± 4	1210 ± 26	29.3 ± 4.2
	600	473 ± 6	882 ± 19	35.3 ± 2.7

Fig. 3 Fracture morphologies: a, b as annealed CG sample, c, d LNR-400 sample

Fig. 4 Dependence of the friction coefficient of samples with time going

Table 4 Friction coefficient and wear amount of samples

Sample	Wear parameters
Labels	Annealing temperature ($^\circ{\rm C}$)	Coefficient	Wearing capacity ($\times {10}^{6}$ μm³)
CG	-	0.68 ± 0.01	24.6 ± 0.3
LNR	25	0.67 ± 0.02	20.2 ± 0.6
	300	0.66 ± 0.01	22.1 ± 0.3
	400	0.66 ± 0.01	18.6 ± 0.5
	500	0.67 ± 0.02	21.2 ± -0.2
	600	0.68 ± 0.03	22.2 ± 0.5

Fig. 5 a Representative 3D height profile of the friction zone; b comparison in the cross-sectional height profile, i.e., the linear distribution through the center of 3D profile (along the dotted lines in Fig. 5a), among the initial CG, as-rolled and further annealed samples

Fig. 6 XRD patterns for the initial CG and the samples experienced cryo-rolling and post-mortem annealing

Fig. 7 a An optical image showing the annealed CG, b-d)representative bright-field and dark-field TEM micrographs for the LNR sample. The red arrows indicate the dispersed martensite. The bule arrows indicate the dispersed twins formed during cold-rolling. Insets are the corresponding SAED pattern

Fig. 8 a-d Typical bright-field and dark-field TEM micrographs for the LNR-400 sample. Inserts are the corresponding SAED pattern. The red arrows indicate the dispersed martensite. The green arrows indicate the dispersed annealing twins

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