Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters) ›› 2021, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (8): 1087-1102.DOI: 10.1007/s40195-021-01219-z
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Guoliang Ma1, Yong Zhao1, Hongzhi Cui1(
), Xiaojie Song1, Mingliang Wang1,2, Kwangmin Lee3, Xiaohua Gao1, Qiang Song1, Canming Wang1
Received:2020-07-11
Revised:2020-11-26
Accepted:2020-12-21
Online:2021-04-17
Published:2021-08-10
Contact:
Hongzhi Cui
About author:Hongzhi Cui,cuihongzhi1965@163.comGuoliang Ma, Yong Zhao, Hongzhi Cui, Xiaojie Song, Mingliang Wang, Kwangmin Lee, Xiaohua Gao, Qiang Song, Canming Wang. Addition Al and/or Ti Induced Modifications of Microstructures, Mechanical Properties, and Corrosion Properties in CoCrFeNi High-Entropy Alloy Coatings[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2021, 34(8): 1087-1102.
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| Laser power (kW) | Spot diameter (mm) | Scanning speed (mm s-1) | Overlapping ratio (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1.2 | 3 | 7 | 30 |
Table 1 Laser cladding parameters
| Laser power (kW) | Spot diameter (mm) | Scanning speed (mm s-1) | Overlapping ratio (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1.2 | 3 | 7 | 30 |
Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of the laser cladding process
Fig. 2 XRD patterns of AlCoCrFeNi (I), CoCrFeNiTi0.5 (II), AlCoCrFeNiTi0.5 (III) coatings
| Alloys | \({T}_{\mathrm{m}}\) | \(\Delta {S}_{\mathrm{mix}}\)(J/mol K) | \(\Delta {H}_{\mathrm{mix}}\)(kJ/mol) | Ω | δ (%) | VEC |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AlCoCrFeNi (I) | 1401.2 | 13.38 | -12.32 | 1.52 | 5.44 | 7.20 |
| CoCrFeNiTi0.5 (II) | 1595.5 | 13.15 | -11.56 | 1.81 | 5.09 | 7.78 |
| AlCoCrFeNiTi0.5 (III) | 1425.5 | 14.70 | -17.92 | 1.16 | 6.32 | 6.91 |
Table 2 Physical parameters of AlCoCrFeNi (I), CoCrFeNiTi0.5 (II) and AlCoCrFeNiTi0.5 (III) coatings
| Alloys | \({T}_{\mathrm{m}}\) | \(\Delta {S}_{\mathrm{mix}}\)(J/mol K) | \(\Delta {H}_{\mathrm{mix}}\)(kJ/mol) | Ω | δ (%) | VEC |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AlCoCrFeNi (I) | 1401.2 | 13.38 | -12.32 | 1.52 | 5.44 | 7.20 |
| CoCrFeNiTi0.5 (II) | 1595.5 | 13.15 | -11.56 | 1.81 | 5.09 | 7.78 |
| AlCoCrFeNiTi0.5 (III) | 1425.5 | 14.70 | -17.92 | 1.16 | 6.32 | 6.91 |
Fig. 3 Cross-sectional microstructures of coatings: a AlCoCrFeNi (I), b CoCrFeNiTi0.5 (II), c AlCoCrFeNiTi0.5 (III) along the compositional line scanning profiles of different elements
Fig. 4 Backscattered electron (BSE) images of coatings: a AlCoCrFeNi (I), b, c CoCrFeNiTi0.5 (II) and d AlCoCrFeNiTi0.5 (III)
| Alloys | Region | Elements (at.%) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Al | Co | Cr | Fe | Ni | Ti | ||
| AlCoCrFeNi (I) | DR | 18.34 | 16.66 | 15.94 | 31.30 | 18.06 | - |
| ID | 9.76 | 17.93 | 18.95 | 35.64 | 17.72 | - | |
| CoCrFeNiTi0.5 (II) | DR | - | 18.98 | 19.90 | 39.14 | 16.64 | 5.33 |
| ID-A | - | 18.30 | 18.71 | 33.72 | 17.11 | 12.16 | |
| ID-B | - | 18.68 | 11.40 | 27.50 | 20.29 | 22.13 | |
| AlCoCrFeNiTi0.5 (III) | DR | 13.15 | 14.70 | 10.21 | 35.51 | 16.41 | 10.02 |
| ID | 10.70 | 14.06 | 15.64 | 40.56 | 12.80 | 6.72 | |
Table 3 Chemical compositions (at.%) of AlCoCrFeNi (I), CoCrFeNiTi0.5 (II) and AlCoCrFeNiTi0.5 (III) coatings
| Alloys | Region | Elements (at.%) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Al | Co | Cr | Fe | Ni | Ti | ||
| AlCoCrFeNi (I) | DR | 18.34 | 16.66 | 15.94 | 31.30 | 18.06 | - |
| ID | 9.76 | 17.93 | 18.95 | 35.64 | 17.72 | - | |
| CoCrFeNiTi0.5 (II) | DR | - | 18.98 | 19.90 | 39.14 | 16.64 | 5.33 |
| ID-A | - | 18.30 | 18.71 | 33.72 | 17.11 | 12.16 | |
| ID-B | - | 18.68 | 11.40 | 27.50 | 20.29 | 22.13 | |
| AlCoCrFeNiTi0.5 (III) | DR | 13.15 | 14.70 | 10.21 | 35.51 | 16.41 | 10.02 |
| ID | 10.70 | 14.06 | 15.64 | 40.56 | 12.80 | 6.72 | |
Fig. 5 a Bright-field (BF) TEM images of AlCoCrFeNiTi0.5 (III) coating, b magnified TEM images of the DR region, c, d SAED patterns of dendrites and interdendrites, respectively
Fig. 6 a TEM images of AlCoCrFeNiTi0.5 (III) coating and corresponding TEM-EDS mappings of (a1) Al, (a2) Co, (a3) Cr, (a4) Fe, (a5) Ni and (a6) Ti elements. b-d TEM-EDS point analysis of different regions as marked in Fig. 5a, b, respectively
Fig. 7 a Cross-sectional, b surface microhardness of AlCoCrFeNi (I), CoCrFeNiTi0.5 (II), AlCoCrFeNiTi0.5 (III) coatings. c Nanoindentation load-depth curves within DR and ID regions of AlCoCrFeNiTi0.5 (III) coating. d Average nanohardness and elastic modulus of different regions in the AlCoCrFeNiTi0.5 coating
Fig. 8 a Potentiodynamic polarization curves of AlCoCrFeNi (I), CoCrFeNiTi0.5 (II), AlCoCrFeNiTi0.5 (III) coatings, b locally enlarged images of a
| Alloys | Ecorr (VSCE) | Icorr (A cm-2) | Epit (VSCE) | Epit-Ecorr (VSCE) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AlCoCrFeNi (I) | -0.291 | 6.250 × 10-6 | - 0.215 | 0.076 |
| CoCrFeNiTi0.5 (II) | -0.372 | 1.080 × 10-5 | - 0.015 | 0.357 |
| AlCoCrFeNiTi0.5 (III) | -0.185 | 1.017 × 10-7 | 0.098 | 0.283 |
Table 4 Electrochemical parameters of three HEA coatings in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution at room temperature
| Alloys | Ecorr (VSCE) | Icorr (A cm-2) | Epit (VSCE) | Epit-Ecorr (VSCE) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AlCoCrFeNi (I) | -0.291 | 6.250 × 10-6 | - 0.215 | 0.076 |
| CoCrFeNiTi0.5 (II) | -0.372 | 1.080 × 10-5 | - 0.015 | 0.357 |
| AlCoCrFeNiTi0.5 (III) | -0.185 | 1.017 × 10-7 | 0.098 | 0.283 |
Fig. 9 Corrosion properties of CoCrFeNiTi0.5 (II) and AlCoCrFeNiTi0.5 (III) HEA coatings alongside some of the alloys reported in the references in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution at room temperature
Fig. 10 a, b Nyquist and Bode plots of AlCoCrFeNi (I), CoCrFeNiTi0.5 (II), AlCoCrFeNiTi0.5 (III) coatings in the 3.5 wt% NaCl solution at room temperature, respectively. c Equivalent circuit for fitting the EIS data of three coatings
| Alloys | Rs (Ω cm2) | Rp (Ω cm2) | Rct (Ω cm2) | CPE1 parameters | CPE2 parameters | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Y1 (µF/cm2) | n1 | Y2 (µF/cm2) | n2 | ||||
| AlCoCrFeNi (I) | 12.08 | 3.28 × 104 | 1.29 × 104 | 55.06 | 0.87 | 48.49 | 0.82 |
| CoCrFeNiTi0.5 (II) | 11.70 | 5.79 × 103 | 8.45 × 103 | 80.47 | 0.85 | 45.73 | 0.79 |
| AlCoCrFeNiTi0.5 (III) | 12.91 | 4.07 × 105 | 2.81 × 106 | 6.57 | 0.80 | 3.57 | 0.80 |
Table 5 Equivalent circuit parameters obtained by fitting the EIS results of three coatings in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution at room temperature
| Alloys | Rs (Ω cm2) | Rp (Ω cm2) | Rct (Ω cm2) | CPE1 parameters | CPE2 parameters | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Y1 (µF/cm2) | n1 | Y2 (µF/cm2) | n2 | ||||
| AlCoCrFeNi (I) | 12.08 | 3.28 × 104 | 1.29 × 104 | 55.06 | 0.87 | 48.49 | 0.82 |
| CoCrFeNiTi0.5 (II) | 11.70 | 5.79 × 103 | 8.45 × 103 | 80.47 | 0.85 | 45.73 | 0.79 |
| AlCoCrFeNiTi0.5 (III) | 12.91 | 4.07 × 105 | 2.81 × 106 | 6.57 | 0.80 | 3.57 | 0.80 |
Fig. 11 Corrosion morphologies for the coatings: a AlCoCrFeNi (I), b CoCrFeNiTi0.5 (II), c, d AlCoCrFeNiTi0.5 (III) after electrochemical tests in the 3.5 wt% NaCl solution at room temperature
Fig. 12 a-g XPS spectra of Al, Co, Cr, Fe, Ni, Ti and O elements of the passive films on the Alloy (I): AlCoCrFeNi, Alloy (II): CoCrFeNiTi0.5 and Alloy (III): AlCoCrFeNiTi0.5 coatings, respectively. h Schematic illustration of pitting corrosion process of HEA coatings
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