Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters) ›› 2019, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (12): 1470-1482.DOI: 10.1007/s40195-019-00963-7
Special Issue: 2019年腐蚀专辑-2
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Qi-Ning Song1(), Nan Xu1, Yao Tong1, Chen-Ming Huang1, Shou-Yu Sun1, Chen-Bo Xu1, Ye-Feng Bao1, Yong-Feng Jiang1, Yan-Xin Qiao2, Zhi-Yuan Zhu2, Zheng-Bin Wang3
Received:
2019-05-27
Revised:
2019-07-29
Online:
2019-12-10
Published:
2019-11-25
Qi-Ning Song, Nan Xu, Yao Tong, Chen-Ming Huang, Shou-Yu Sun, Chen-Bo Xu, Ye-Feng Bao, Yong-Feng Jiang, Yan-Xin Qiao, Zhi-Yuan Zhu, Zheng-Bin Wang. Corrosion and Cavitation Erosion Behaviours of Cast Nickel Aluminium Bronze in 3.5% NaCl Solution with Different Sulphide Concentrations[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2019, 32(12): 1470-1482.
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Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of the ultrasonically vibrating equipment for cavitation erosion test. 1: water inlet; 2: cooling system; 3: Pt electrode; 4: reference electrode; 5: amplitude transformer; 6: transducer; 7: horn; 8: sample; 9: water outlet; 10: ultrasonic generator
Solutions (SC) | Areas | O | Al | Ni | Fe | Mn | Cu | Cl | S |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 ppm | 1 | 1.84 | 8.44 | 13.53 | 10.28 | 0.57 | 64.56 | 0.48 | - |
2 | 3.60 | 9.48 | 9.10 | 8.61 | 1.44 | 66.51 | 1.27 | - | |
3 | 12.40 | 14.01 | 4.42 | 3.04 | 0.30 | 63.40 | 2.43 | - | |
20 ppm | 4 | 5.03 | 2.31 | 7.56 | 3.38 | 0.10 | 72.42 | 4.82 | 4.37 |
5 | 2.36 | 2.27 | 4.64 | 4.49 | 0.77 | 81.39 | 0.81 | 3.26 | |
50 ppm | 6 | 11.89 | 1.42 | 1.86 | 1.42 | 0.57 | 67.84 | - | 15.00 |
7 | 7.59 | - | 1.68 | 3.35 | 0.77 | 71.85 | - | 13.94 | |
8 | 8.47 | 2.47 | 3.80 | 4.53 | 1.86 | 69.59 | - | 9.28 | |
100 ppm | 9 | - | - | - | 1.08 | 0.58 | 78.12 | - | 20.22 |
10 | - | - | - | 1.10 | 0.89 | 76.66 | - | 21.35 | |
200 ppm | 11 | - | - | 0.59 | 1.25 | 1.27 | 77.65 | - | 19.24 |
12 | - | - | - | 0.87 | - | 80.30 | - | 18.83 |
Table 1 Chemical compositions of the corrosion products located on different areas in Figs. 5 and 6 (wt%)
Solutions (SC) | Areas | O | Al | Ni | Fe | Mn | Cu | Cl | S |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 ppm | 1 | 1.84 | 8.44 | 13.53 | 10.28 | 0.57 | 64.56 | 0.48 | - |
2 | 3.60 | 9.48 | 9.10 | 8.61 | 1.44 | 66.51 | 1.27 | - | |
3 | 12.40 | 14.01 | 4.42 | 3.04 | 0.30 | 63.40 | 2.43 | - | |
20 ppm | 4 | 5.03 | 2.31 | 7.56 | 3.38 | 0.10 | 72.42 | 4.82 | 4.37 |
5 | 2.36 | 2.27 | 4.64 | 4.49 | 0.77 | 81.39 | 0.81 | 3.26 | |
50 ppm | 6 | 11.89 | 1.42 | 1.86 | 1.42 | 0.57 | 67.84 | - | 15.00 |
7 | 7.59 | - | 1.68 | 3.35 | 0.77 | 71.85 | - | 13.94 | |
8 | 8.47 | 2.47 | 3.80 | 4.53 | 1.86 | 69.59 | - | 9.28 | |
100 ppm | 9 | - | - | - | 1.08 | 0.58 | 78.12 | - | 20.22 |
10 | - | - | - | 1.10 | 0.89 | 76.66 | - | 21.35 | |
200 ppm | 11 | - | - | 0.59 | 1.25 | 1.27 | 77.65 | - | 19.24 |
12 | - | - | - | 0.87 | - | 80.30 | - | 18.83 |
Fig. 8 Cross-sectional morphologies of NAB after immersion for 7 days in 3.5% NaCl solutions with SCs of a, b 0 ppm, c 20 ppm, d 50 ppm, e 100 ppm, f 200 ppm
Fig. 11 Schematic diagrams for OCP and current density evolution under alternate conditions of quiescence and cavitation erosion: a with, b without a protective film on the material surface under quiescence condition
Conditions | 3.5% NaCl solution + x ppm Na2S | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 20 | 50 | 100 | 200 | |
Quiescence | |||||
I (A cm-2) | 6.8175?×?10-6 | 3.1426?×?10-6 | 2.7630?×?10-6 | 2.5147?×?10-6 | 7.0212?×?10-6 |
Ecorr (mV) | -?277 | -?341 | -?950 | -?963 | -?962 |
Cavitation | |||||
I (A cm-2) | 3.0678?×?10-5 | 2.6561?×?10-4 | 5.5525?×?10-4 | 8.1464?×?10-4 | 8.6688?×?10-4 |
Ecorr (mV) | -?290 | -?364 | -?746 | -?790 | -?837 |
Table 2 Electrochemical parameters obtained from the polarisation curves in Fig. 12 for NAB in 3.5% NaCl solutions with different SCs
Conditions | 3.5% NaCl solution + x ppm Na2S | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 20 | 50 | 100 | 200 | |
Quiescence | |||||
I (A cm-2) | 6.8175?×?10-6 | 3.1426?×?10-6 | 2.7630?×?10-6 | 2.5147?×?10-6 | 7.0212?×?10-6 |
Ecorr (mV) | -?277 | -?341 | -?950 | -?963 | -?962 |
Cavitation | |||||
I (A cm-2) | 3.0678?×?10-5 | 2.6561?×?10-4 | 5.5525?×?10-4 | 8.1464?×?10-4 | 8.6688?×?10-4 |
Ecorr (mV) | -?290 | -?364 | -?746 | -?790 | -?837 |
Solutions (SC) | Mass loss rate (mg cm-2 h-1) | Percentages (%) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T | E | C | ?E | ?C | S | E/T | C/T | S/T | ?E/T | ?C/T | |
0 ppm | 1.4722 | 0.9111 | 0.0163 | 0.4879 | 0.0570 | 0.5448 | 61.89 | 1.11 | 37.01 | 33.14 | 3.87 |
20 ppm | 1.9611 | 0.9111 | 0.0075 | 0.4154 | 0.6266 | 1.0420 | 46.46 | 0.38 | 53.16 | 21.21 | 31.95 |
50 ppm | 3.9611 | 0.9111 | 0.0066 | 1.7226 | 1.3189 | 3.0415 | 23.00 | 0.17 | 76.83 | 43.54 | 33.30 |
100 ppm | 5.2278 | 0.9111 | 0.0060 | 2.3713 | 1.9387 | 4.3100 | 17.43 | 0.11 | 82.46 | 45.37 | 37.08 |
200 ppm | 8.0778 | 0.9111 | 0.0168 | 5.0994 | 2.0527 | 7.1521 | 11.28 | 0.21 | 88.51 | 63.10 | 25.41 |
Table 3 Cavitation erosion-corrosion synergy results for NAB in 3.5% NaCl solutions with different SCs
Solutions (SC) | Mass loss rate (mg cm-2 h-1) | Percentages (%) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T | E | C | ?E | ?C | S | E/T | C/T | S/T | ?E/T | ?C/T | |
0 ppm | 1.4722 | 0.9111 | 0.0163 | 0.4879 | 0.0570 | 0.5448 | 61.89 | 1.11 | 37.01 | 33.14 | 3.87 |
20 ppm | 1.9611 | 0.9111 | 0.0075 | 0.4154 | 0.6266 | 1.0420 | 46.46 | 0.38 | 53.16 | 21.21 | 31.95 |
50 ppm | 3.9611 | 0.9111 | 0.0066 | 1.7226 | 1.3189 | 3.0415 | 23.00 | 0.17 | 76.83 | 43.54 | 33.30 |
100 ppm | 5.2278 | 0.9111 | 0.0060 | 2.3713 | 1.9387 | 4.3100 | 17.43 | 0.11 | 82.46 | 45.37 | 37.08 |
200 ppm | 8.0778 | 0.9111 | 0.0168 | 5.0994 | 2.0527 | 7.1521 | 11.28 | 0.21 | 88.51 | 63.10 | 25.41 |
Fig. 13 Surface morphologies of NAB after cavitation erosion for 5 h in a distilled water and 3.5% NaCl solutions with SCs of b 0 ppm, c 20 ppm, d 50 ppm, e 100 ppm, f 200 ppm
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