Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters) ›› 2020, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (6): 789-798.DOI: 10.1007/s40195-020-01000-8
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Feng Shi1, Ruo-Han Gao1, Xian-Jun Guan1, Chun-Ming Liu2, Xiao-Wu Li1,2()
Received:
2019-09-06
Revised:
2019-11-07
Online:
2020-06-10
Published:
2020-06-17
Contact:
Xiao-Wu Li
Feng Shi, Ruo-Han Gao, Xian-Jun Guan, Chun-Ming Liu, Xiao-Wu Li. Application of Grain Boundary Engineering to Improve Intergranular Corrosion Resistance in a Fe–Cr–Mn–Mo–N High-Nitrogen and Nickel-Free Austenitic Stainless Steel[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2020, 33(6): 789-798.
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Cr | Mn | Mo | N | C | S | P | Al | Fe |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
20.17 | 19.10 | 2.29 | 0.82 | 0.065 | 0.0025 | 0.0017 | 0.04 | Bal. |
Table 1 Chemical composition of the experimental steel (wt%)
Cr | Mn | Mo | N | C | S | P | Al | Fe |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
20.17 | 19.10 | 2.29 | 0.82 | 0.065 | 0.0025 | 0.0017 | 0.04 | Bal. |
GBE treatment process | ∑3 (%) | ∑9 + ∑27 (%) | Other low CSL grain boundaries (%) | Total SBs (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Solid solution (BM) | 43.8 | 1.1 | 2.4 | 47.3 |
r3%-a1423K/10 min | 45.7 | 1.4 | 2 | 49.1 |
r5%-a1423K/10 min | 49.9 | 1.3 | 2.2 | 53.4 |
r7%-a1423K/10 min | 60.9 | 8.1 | 1.1 | 70.1 |
r10%-a1423K/10 min | 53.2 | 6.5 | 1.9 | 61.6 |
r3%-a1423K/72 h | 46.6 | 5.3 | 1.5 | 53.4 |
r5%-a1423K/72 h | 74.0 | 5.2 | 0.2 | 79.4 |
r7%-a1423K/72 h | 60.5 | 8.8 | 0.9 | 70.3 |
r10%-a1423K/72 h | 58.6 | 3.4 | 2.6 | 64.6 |
Table2 Proportions of various SBs for the BM and those samples after cold rolling at different thickness reductions and annealing at 1423 K for 10 min and 72 h
GBE treatment process | ∑3 (%) | ∑9 + ∑27 (%) | Other low CSL grain boundaries (%) | Total SBs (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Solid solution (BM) | 43.8 | 1.1 | 2.4 | 47.3 |
r3%-a1423K/10 min | 45.7 | 1.4 | 2 | 49.1 |
r5%-a1423K/10 min | 49.9 | 1.3 | 2.2 | 53.4 |
r7%-a1423K/10 min | 60.9 | 8.1 | 1.1 | 70.1 |
r10%-a1423K/10 min | 53.2 | 6.5 | 1.9 | 61.6 |
r3%-a1423K/72 h | 46.6 | 5.3 | 1.5 | 53.4 |
r5%-a1423K/72 h | 74.0 | 5.2 | 0.2 | 79.4 |
r7%-a1423K/72 h | 60.5 | 8.8 | 0.9 | 70.3 |
r10%-a1423K/72 h | 58.6 | 3.4 | 2.6 | 64.6 |
Fig.3 EBSD-reconstructed images of SBs and random boundaries under different GBE treatment conditions: a and b r3%-a1423K/72 h, c and d r5%-a1423K/72 h, e and f r7%-a1423K/72 h, g and h r10%-a1423K/72 h
Fig.4 Optical micrographs of oxalic acid electrolytic corrosion after sensitizing at 1123 K for 2 h in the different samples: a BM, b r5%-a1423K/72 h, c r10%-a1423K/72 h
Fig.5 SEM images of the surfaces in the BM, r10%-a1423K/72 h and r5%-a1423K/72 h samples after 24 h, 48 h and 72 h ferric sulfate-sulfuric acid corrosion tests
Fig.6 SEM images of the cross sections in the BM, r10%-a1423K/72 h and r5%-a1423K/72 h samples after 24 h, 48 h and 72 h ferric sulfate-sulfuric acid corrosion tests
Fig.10 Metallographs after oxalic acid electrolytic corrosion (a, c, e) and the corresponding grain boundary distributions obtained by EBSD (b, d, f) in the r5%-a1423K/72 h sample
Fig.11 Percolation depth vs. fraction of Σ3 boundaries curves for the BM, r10%-a1423K/72 h and r5%-a1423K/72 h samples after 24, 48 and 72 h ferric sulfate-sulfuric acid corrosion tests
Fig.12 Schematic diagram showing the hindering of IGC penetration from surface into the interior by Σ3 boundaries distributed in random boundary network
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