Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters) ›› 2024, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (3): 499-512.DOI: 10.1007/s40195-023-01567-y
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Yue-Hui Dang1,2, Sheng-Lin Liu1(), Xiao-Lei Ai2, Xiao-Wei Feng2, Bo Feng2(), Zhuo Tian2, Ying-Fei Lin2, Huan-Tao Chen2, Kai-Hong Zheng2
Received:
2022-11-30
Revised:
2023-03-15
Accepted:
2023-04-14
Online:
2024-03-10
Published:
2023-06-16
Contact:
Sheng-Lin Liu, Yue-Hui Dang, Sheng-Lin Liu, Xiao-Lei Ai, Xiao-Wei Feng, Bo Feng, Zhuo Tian, Ying-Fei Lin, Huan-Tao Chen, Kai-Hong Zheng. Microstructure and Mechanical Behavior of Mg-Based Bimetal Plates with High Formability Sleeve by Co-extrusion[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2024, 37(3): 499-512.
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Fig. 2 a Low magnification and b high magnification cross sectional SEM micrographs of AZ31/1100 composite plate; c EDS mapping of b showing the elements distribution of Al (green points), Mg (red points)
Fig. 3 Cross sectional SEM micrographs and EDS mappings of AZ31/1100 composite plate after annealing: a and b 400 °C for 3 h; c and d 400 °C for 10 h. EDS mapping showing the elements distribution of Al (green points) and Mg (red points)
Fig. 4 Low magnification and high magnification cross sectional SEM micrographs of AZ31/ZG21 composite plate: a and b as-extruded plate, c and d after annealing at 400 °C for 10 h
Fig. 5 XRD patterns near the interface of composite plates: AZ31/1100 a as-extruded, b after annealing at 400 °C for 3 h and c after annealing at 400 °C for 10 h; AZ31/ZG21 d before and e after annealing at 400 °C for 10 h
Fig. 6 Bright-field TEM image of interface zone of composite plates: a the extruded AZ31/1100 composite plate and b the AZ31/ZG21 composite plate after annealing at 400 °C for 10 h
Fig. 7 Inverse pole figure and pole figure of the AZ31 layer in AZ31/1100 composite plates: a as-extruded, b after annealing at 400 °C for 3 h and c after annealing at 400 °C for 10 h. ED, TD and ND refer to the extrusion direction, transverse direction and normal direction, respectively
Fig. 8 Inverse pole figure and pole figure of the 1100 layer in AZ31/1100 plates: a as-extruded, b and c after annealing at 400 °C for 3 h and 10 h, respectively
Fig. 9 Inverse pole figure and pole figure of the AZ31 and ZG21 layers in AZ31/ZG21 plates: AZ31 layer a before and c after annealing at 400 °C for 10 h; ZG21 layer b before and d after annealing at 400 °C for 10 h
Fig. 10 Engineering stress-strain curves under tension along the ED of the AZ31 layer, 1100 layer and AZ31/1100 plates: a as-extruded, b after annealing at 400 °C for 3 h and c after annealing at 400 °C for 10 h
Samples | YS (MPa) | UTS (MPa) | E (%) |
---|---|---|---|
Extruded plates | |||
AZ31/1100-1 | 125 | 187 | 19.0 |
AZ31/1100-2 | 110 | 158 | 23.0 |
AZ31/1100-AZ31 | 146 | 232 | 14.0 |
AZ31/1100-1100 | 88 | 95 | 24.6 |
Annealing at 400 °C for 3 h | |||
AZ31/1100-1 | 77 | 134 | 15.8 |
AZ31/1100-2 | 83 | 132 | 17.0 |
AZ31/1100-AZ31 | 119 | 209 | 15.0 |
AZ31/1100-1100 | 17 | 35 | 33.0 |
Annealing at 400 °C for 10 h | |||
AZ31/1100-1 | 72 | 124 | 11.0 |
AZ31/1100-2 | 68 | 112 | 12.5 |
AZ31/1100-AZ31 | 87 | 177 | 16.5 |
AZ31/1100-1100 | 16 | 30 | 34.5 |
Table 1 Yield strengths (YS), ultimate strengths (UTS) and elongations (E) of the AZ31/1100 composite plates under tension along the ED
Samples | YS (MPa) | UTS (MPa) | E (%) |
---|---|---|---|
Extruded plates | |||
AZ31/1100-1 | 125 | 187 | 19.0 |
AZ31/1100-2 | 110 | 158 | 23.0 |
AZ31/1100-AZ31 | 146 | 232 | 14.0 |
AZ31/1100-1100 | 88 | 95 | 24.6 |
Annealing at 400 °C for 3 h | |||
AZ31/1100-1 | 77 | 134 | 15.8 |
AZ31/1100-2 | 83 | 132 | 17.0 |
AZ31/1100-AZ31 | 119 | 209 | 15.0 |
AZ31/1100-1100 | 17 | 35 | 33.0 |
Annealing at 400 °C for 10 h | |||
AZ31/1100-1 | 72 | 124 | 11.0 |
AZ31/1100-2 | 68 | 112 | 12.5 |
AZ31/1100-AZ31 | 87 | 177 | 16.5 |
AZ31/1100-1100 | 16 | 30 | 34.5 |
Fig. 11 Engineering stress-strain curves under tension along the ED of the AZ31 layer, ZG21 layer and AZ31/ZG21 plates: a before and b after annealing at 400 °C for 10 h
Samples | YS (MPa) | UTS (MPa) | E (%) |
---|---|---|---|
Extruded plates | |||
AZ31/ZG21-1 | 109 | 215 | 21.5 |
AZ31/ZG21-2 | 121 | 217 | 23.0 |
AZ31/ZG21-AZ31 | 125 | 212 | 14.5 |
AZ31/ZG21-ZG21 | 155 | 222 | 24.0 |
Annealing at 400 °C for 10 h | |||
AZ31/ZG21-1 | 109 | 207 | 22.8 |
AZ31/ZG21-2 | 111 | 210 | 24.2 |
AZ31/ZG21-AZ31 | 106 | 205 | 15.4 |
AZ31/ZG21-ZG21 | 104 | 202 | 26.0 |
Table 2 YS, UTS and E of the AZ31/ZG21 composite plates under tension along the ED
Samples | YS (MPa) | UTS (MPa) | E (%) |
---|---|---|---|
Extruded plates | |||
AZ31/ZG21-1 | 109 | 215 | 21.5 |
AZ31/ZG21-2 | 121 | 217 | 23.0 |
AZ31/ZG21-AZ31 | 125 | 212 | 14.5 |
AZ31/ZG21-ZG21 | 155 | 222 | 24.0 |
Annealing at 400 °C for 10 h | |||
AZ31/ZG21-1 | 109 | 207 | 22.8 |
AZ31/ZG21-2 | 111 | 210 | 24.2 |
AZ31/ZG21-AZ31 | 106 | 205 | 15.4 |
AZ31/ZG21-ZG21 | 104 | 202 | 26.0 |
Samples | E (%) Exp | E (%) Pre | ΔE (%) |
---|---|---|---|
Extruded plates | |||
AZ31/1100-1 | 19.0 | 18.7 | 0.3 |
AZ31/1100-2 | 23.0 | 21.1 | 1.9 |
AZ31/ZG21-1 | 21.5 | 18.8 | 2.7 |
AZ31/ZG21-2 | 23.0 | 20.9 | 2.1 |
Annealing at 400 °C for 3 h | |||
AZ31/1100-1 | 15.8 | 23.1 | 7.3 |
AZ31/1100-2 | 17.0 | 27.1 | 10.1 |
Annealing at 400 °C for 10 h | |||
AZ31/1100-1 | 11.0 | 25.9 | 14.9 |
AZ31/1100-2 | 12.5 | 28.6 | 16.1 |
AZ31/ ZG21-1 | 22.8 | 20.2 | 2.6 |
AZ31/ ZG21-2 | 24.2 | 22.5 | 1.7 |
Table 3 Experimental E and the ROM predicted one under tension along the ED of AZ31/1100 and AZ31/ZG21 plates. Exp. and Pre. refer to the experimental E and the ROM predicted one, respectively. ΔE refers the absolute value of difference in elongation between experimental E and predicted one
Samples | E (%) Exp | E (%) Pre | ΔE (%) |
---|---|---|---|
Extruded plates | |||
AZ31/1100-1 | 19.0 | 18.7 | 0.3 |
AZ31/1100-2 | 23.0 | 21.1 | 1.9 |
AZ31/ZG21-1 | 21.5 | 18.8 | 2.7 |
AZ31/ZG21-2 | 23.0 | 20.9 | 2.1 |
Annealing at 400 °C for 3 h | |||
AZ31/1100-1 | 15.8 | 23.1 | 7.3 |
AZ31/1100-2 | 17.0 | 27.1 | 10.1 |
Annealing at 400 °C for 10 h | |||
AZ31/1100-1 | 11.0 | 25.9 | 14.9 |
AZ31/1100-2 | 12.5 | 28.6 | 16.1 |
AZ31/ ZG21-1 | 22.8 | 20.2 | 2.6 |
AZ31/ ZG21-2 | 24.2 | 22.5 | 1.7 |
Fig. 13 Cross-sectional SEM micrographs of AZ31/1100 and AZ31/ZG21 plates after tension different strains along the ED: a the extruded AZ31/1100 plate, b and c the annealed AZ31/1100 plate (400 °C for 10 h), d the annealed AZ31/ZG21 plate (400 °C for 10 h)
Fig. 14 Fracture features of AZ31/1100-1 plate after the tensile test: the extruded a AZ31 layer and d 1100 layer, the annealing at 400 °C for 3 h b AZ31 layer and e 1100 layer, the annealing at 400 °C for 10 h c AZ31 layer and f 1100 layer
Fig. 15 Fracture features of AZ31/ZG21-1 plate after the tensile test: the extruded a AZ31 layer and c ZG21 layer, the annealing at 400 °C for 10 h b AZ31 layer and d ZG21 layer
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