Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters) ›› 2020, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (10): 1311-1320.DOI: 10.1007/s40195-020-01073-5
Jiahua Zhang1, Yi Yang1(), Sheng Cao2, Zhiqiang Cao1, Dmytro Kovalchuk3, Songquan Wu1, Enquan Liang4, Xi Zhang4, Wei Chen5, Fan Wu5, Aijun Huang6
Received:
2020-02-22
Revised:
2020-03-18
Online:
2020-10-10
Published:
2020-10-20
Contact:
Yi Yang
Jiahua Zhang, Yi Yang, Sheng Cao, Zhiqiang Cao, Dmytro Kovalchuk, Songquan Wu, Enquan Liang, Xi Zhang, Wei Chen, Fan Wu, Aijun Huang. Fine equiaxed β grains and superior tensile property in Ti-6Al-4V alloy deposited by coaxial electron beam wire feeding additive manufacturing[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2020, 33(10): 1311-1320.
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Ti | Al | V | Fe | O | N | H | C | Y |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bal. | 6.26 | 4.25 | 0.22 | 0.12 | 0.0055 | 0.0014 | 0.0091 | < 0.005 |
Table 1 Chemical composition of the deposited structure (wt%)
Ti | Al | V | Fe | O | N | H | C | Y |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bal. | 6.26 | 4.25 | 0.22 | 0.12 | 0.0055 | 0.0014 | 0.0091 | < 0.005 |
Fig. 3 a Engineering tensile stress- strain curves of 2-bead wall, b ultimate tensile strength versus total elongation to failure for Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy fabricated by different wire additive manufacturing processes
Direction | UTS (MPa) | YS (MPa) | EL (%) |
---|---|---|---|
Z | 972.5 ± 2.5 | 842.5 ± 2.5 | 19.0 ± 1.0 |
X | 982.5 ± 7.5 | 858.0 ± 8.0 | 18.5 ± 0.5 |
Table 2 Room temperature tensile properties of 2-bead wall after heat treatment
Direction | UTS (MPa) | YS (MPa) | EL (%) |
---|---|---|---|
Z | 972.5 ± 2.5 | 842.5 ± 2.5 | 19.0 ± 1.0 |
X | 982.5 ± 7.5 | 858.0 ± 8.0 | 18.5 ± 0.5 |
Fig. 4 SEM images of the tensile fracture surfaces for 2-bead specimen in X direction: a entire fracture surface, showing three zones, i.e., fibrous zone, radial zone and shear lip zone; b-d corresponding enlarged images of the squared regions in a
Fig. 5 Optical macrographs in Y-Z sections of 5-bead a and 2-bead walls b after three-stage heat treatment, showing large regions of fine equiaxed prior β grain zones, c microstructure of the substrate, d1-d6 magnified β grain morphologies in the rectangles labeled as 1-6 in d row in b, e1-e6 magnified β grain morphologies in the rectangles labeled as 1-6 in e row in b
Fig. 6 EBSD orientation maps of β phase and α phase morphology in Y-Z section of 2-bead wall after three-stage heat treatment: a columnar β grain zone, b equiaxed β grain zone. a-1, b-1 the 2nd layer; a-2, b-2 the 18th layer; a-3, b-3 the 32th layer. The dashed lines indicate the original β grain boundaries. The insets are (001) pole figures of β grains
Fig. 7 EBSD orientation maps of α phase in Y-Z section of 2-bead wall after three-stage heat treatment: a columnar β grain zone, b equiaxed β grain zone. a-1, b-1 The 2nd layer; a-2, b-2 the 18th layer; a-3, b-3 the 32th layer
Fig. 8 Microstructures of the as-built 2-bead wall, showing a martensitic microstructure: a, c CGβ zone, b, d EGβ zone, a, b optical macrographs, c, d SEM macrographs
Fig. 9 a Illustration of Ti-6Al-4V solidification map, showing that columnar β grains and equiaxed β grains can be obtained via controlling temperature gradient (G) and solidification rate (R). The different color shapes in a illustrating G vs. R in different sites of 2-bead wall during deposition in b
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