Microstructure Evolution and Pore Formation Mechanism of Porous TiAl3 Intermetallics via Reactive Sintering

doi:10.1007/s40195-017-0663-7

Abstract

Abstract:

Porous TiAl₃ intermetallics were fabricated through vacuum reactive sintering from Ti-75Al at.% elemental powder mixture. The phase compositions, expansion behaviors, pore characteristics and microstructure evolution of TiAl₃ intermetallics were investigated, and the pore formation mechanism was also proposed. It was found that the actual temperature of compacts showed an acute climb from 668 to 1244 °C in 166s, while the furnace temperature maintained the linear growth of 5 °C/min, which indicated that an obvious thermal explosion (TE) reaction occurred during sintering, and only single-phase TiAl₃ intermetallic was synthesized in TE products. The open porosity increased from 22.2 (green compact) to 32.8% after reactive diffusion sintering at 600 °C and rised to 58.7% after TE, then decreased to 51.2% after high-temperature homogenization at 1100 °C. Therefore, TE reaction is the dominated pore formation mechanism of porous TiAl₃ intermetallics. The pore evolution in porous TiAl₃ intermetallics occurred by the following mechanisms: certain intergranular pores remained among powder particles of green compact, then low-temperature sintering resulted in a further increase in porosity due to the Kirkendall effect. Moreover, TE reaction gave rise to a dramatic volume expansion because of the rapid increase in temperature, and high-temperature sintering caused densification and a slight shrinkage.

Key words: Intermetallics, Porous materials, Powder metallurgy, Reaction synthesis, Thermal explosion synthesis

Xinyang Jiao, Xiaohong Wang, Peizhong Feng, Yanan Liu, Laiqi Zhang, Farid Akhtar. Microstructure Evolution and Pore Formation Mechanism of Porous TiAl₃ Intermetallics via Reactive Sintering[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2018, 31(4): 440-448.

Figures/Tables 11

Fig. 1 Surface morphology of green compact

Fig. 2 Schematic illustration of sintering procedure

Fig. 3 Temperature-time profile of the Ti-75Al at.% powder compacts during sintering

Fig. 4 DSC curve of Ti-75Al at.% compact with the heating rate of 5 °C/min

Fig. 5 XRD patterns of Ti-75Al at.% Al powder compacts at different sintering conditions

Fig. 6 Macroscopic expansion behavior of Sample 0: green compact; Sample 1: sintering at 600 °C for 1 h; Sample 2: heating to an obvious TE phenomenon; Sample 3: sintering at 1100 °C for 1 h after TE

Fig. 7 Expansion behaviors and open porosity of different sintering conditions fabricated by Ti-75 at.% Al powder mixtures

Fig. 8 Pore morphology of porous TiAl3 intermetallics sintered at 1100 °C for 1 h a low-magnification SEM image, b high magnification of small pores, c tiny pores, d EDS analysis for the selected point

Fig. 9 SEM photographs of sintered specimens a, b at 600 °C for 1 h and c, d heating up to TE with different magnification

Fig. 10 BSE images of porous TiAl3 intermetallics with different sintering process: a green compact, b sintering at 600 °C for 1 h, c heating to an obvious TE phenomenon and d sintering at 1100 °C for 1 h after TE

Fig. 11 Pore formation model of porous TiAl3 materials during vacuum sintering

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Microstructure Evolution and Pore Formation Mechanism of Porous TiAl₃ Intermetallics via Reactive Sintering

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