Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters) ›› 2016, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (5): 464-474.DOI: 10.1007/s40195-016-0410-5
Special Issue: 2016复合材料专辑
• Orginal Article • Previous Articles Next Articles
Loy Liang Soon1, Hussain Zuhailawati1(), Ismail Suhaina1, Brij Kumar Dhindaw2
Received:
2016-04-07
Revised:
2016-04-07
Online:
2016-04-07
Published:
2016-05-10
Loy Liang Soon, Hussain Zuhailawati, Ismail Suhaina, Brij Kumar Dhindaw. Prediction of Compressive Strength of Biodegradable Mg-Zn/HA Composite via Response Surface Methodology and Its Biodegradation[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2016, 29(5): 464-474.
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Level | Milling speed (r/min) | BPR | HA content (wt%) |
---|---|---|---|
-α | 165.91 | 2.44 | 0.08 |
-1 | 200 | 5 | 2.6 |
0 | 250 | 8.75 | 6.3 |
1 | 300 | 12.5 | 10 |
+α | 334.09 | 15.06 | 12.52 |
Table 1 Process parameters in CCD, coded and uncoded values
Level | Milling speed (r/min) | BPR | HA content (wt%) |
---|---|---|---|
-α | 165.91 | 2.44 | 0.08 |
-1 | 200 | 5 | 2.6 |
0 | 250 | 8.75 | 6.3 |
1 | 300 | 12.5 | 10 |
+α | 334.09 | 15.06 | 12.52 |
Run order | Milling speed | BPR | HA content |
---|---|---|---|
1 | + | - | + |
2 | - | - | + |
3 | + | - | - |
4 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
5 | 0 | -α | 0 |
6 | - | + | - |
7 | - | + | + |
8 | 0 | 0 | -α |
9 | 0 | +α | 0 |
10 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
11 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
12 | - | - | - |
13 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
14 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
15 | -α | 0 | 0 |
16 | 0 | 0 | +α |
17 | + | + | - |
18 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
19 | + | + | + |
20 | +α | 0 | 0 |
Table 2 Experimental design matrix
Run order | Milling speed | BPR | HA content |
---|---|---|---|
1 | + | - | + |
2 | - | - | + |
3 | + | - | - |
4 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
5 | 0 | -α | 0 |
6 | - | + | - |
7 | - | + | + |
8 | 0 | 0 | -α |
9 | 0 | +α | 0 |
10 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
11 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
12 | - | - | - |
13 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
14 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
15 | -α | 0 | 0 |
16 | 0 | 0 | +α |
17 | + | + | - |
18 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
19 | + | + | + |
20 | +α | 0 | 0 |
Run order | Milling speed | BPR | HA content | Compressive strength (MPa) |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | ? | - | + | 198.72 |
2 | - | - | + | 153.08 |
3 | ? | - | - | 244.16 |
4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 230.08 |
5 | 0 | -α | 0 | 168.13 |
6 | - | + | - | 173.73 |
7 | - | + | + | 176.45 |
8 | 0 | 0 | -α | 238.11 |
9 | 0 | -α | 0 | 239.26 |
10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 191.77 |
11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 202.47 |
12 | - | - | - | 163.02 |
13 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 216.24 |
14 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 175.92 |
15 | -α | 0 | 0 | 118.23 |
16 | 0 | 0 | +α | 115.71 |
17 | + | + | - | 178.53 |
18 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 146.73 |
19 | + | + | + | 173.96 |
20 | +α | 0 | 0 | 175.04 |
Table 3 Compressive strength results
Run order | Milling speed | BPR | HA content | Compressive strength (MPa) |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | ? | - | + | 198.72 |
2 | - | - | + | 153.08 |
3 | ? | - | - | 244.16 |
4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 230.08 |
5 | 0 | -α | 0 | 168.13 |
6 | - | + | - | 173.73 |
7 | - | + | + | 176.45 |
8 | 0 | 0 | -α | 238.11 |
9 | 0 | -α | 0 | 239.26 |
10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 191.77 |
11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 202.47 |
12 | - | - | - | 163.02 |
13 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 216.24 |
14 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 175.92 |
15 | -α | 0 | 0 | 118.23 |
16 | 0 | 0 | +α | 115.71 |
17 | + | + | - | 178.53 |
18 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 146.73 |
19 | + | + | + | 173.96 |
20 | +α | 0 | 0 | 175.04 |
Source | Sum of squares | DF | Mean square | F value | p value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Regression | 12,392.60 | 4 | 3098.2 | 3.45 | 0.034 |
Linear | 9055.9 | 3 | 3018.6 | 3.37 | 0.047 |
Milling speed | 3694.4 | 1 | 3694.4 | 4.12 | 0.061 |
BPR | 293.6 | 1 | 293.6 | 0.33 | 0.576 |
HA content | 5067.9 | 1 | 5067.9 | 5.65 | 0.031 |
Square of milling speed | 3336.7 | 1 | 3336.7 | 3.72 | 0.073 |
Lack of fit | 9019.5 | 10 | 901.9 | 1.02 | 0.527 |
Table 4 Regression analysis results for the mathematical model and coefficient of model terms for the formulation of Mg-Zn/HA composites
Source | Sum of squares | DF | Mean square | F value | p value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Regression | 12,392.60 | 4 | 3098.2 | 3.45 | 0.034 |
Linear | 9055.9 | 3 | 3018.6 | 3.37 | 0.047 |
Milling speed | 3694.4 | 1 | 3694.4 | 4.12 | 0.061 |
BPR | 293.6 | 1 | 293.6 | 0.33 | 0.576 |
HA content | 5067.9 | 1 | 5067.9 | 5.65 | 0.031 |
Square of milling speed | 3336.7 | 1 | 3336.7 | 3.72 | 0.073 |
Lack of fit | 9019.5 | 10 | 901.9 | 1.02 | 0.527 |
Run order | Milling speed (r/min) | BPR | HA content (wt%) | Relative density (%) | Strain level | Crystallite size (A° ) | Compressive strength (MPa) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 300.00 | 5 | 10 | 93.07 | 0.058 | 564.5 | 199 |
2 | 200 | 5 | 10 | 94.42 | 0.051 | 635.5 | 153 |
3 | 300 | 5 | 2.6 | 95.12 | 0.041 | 801 | 244 |
17 | 300 | 12.5 | 2.6 | 93.58 | 0.066 | 495.4 | 179 |
Table 5 Parameters, relative density, strain level, crystallite size and compressive strength for selected samples
Run order | Milling speed (r/min) | BPR | HA content (wt%) | Relative density (%) | Strain level | Crystallite size (A° ) | Compressive strength (MPa) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 300.00 | 5 | 10 | 93.07 | 0.058 | 564.5 | 199 |
2 | 200 | 5 | 10 | 94.42 | 0.051 | 635.5 | 153 |
3 | 300 | 5 | 2.6 | 95.12 | 0.041 | 801 | 244 |
17 | 300 | 12.5 | 2.6 | 93.58 | 0.066 | 495.4 | 179 |
Fig. 1 Optical micrographs of the samples: a sample 1 (300 r/min, BPR 5, 10 wt% HA); b sample 2 (200 r/min, BPR 5, 10 wt% HA); c sample 3 (300 r/min, BPR 5, 2.6 wt% HA); d sample 17 (300 r/min, BPR 12.5, 2.6 wt% HA)
Fig. 7 XRD patterns for Mg-Zn/HA composites with 2.6, 10 and 30 wt% HA: a normal pattern; b logarithmic scaled the pattern to increase the visibility of the HA peaks
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