Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters) ›› 2021, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (11): 1461-1482.DOI: 10.1007/s40195-021-01252-y
Xiaojuan Fan1,2, Ruitao Qu1,3(), Zhefeng Zhang1,2()
Received:
2021-01-27
Revised:
2021-03-03
Accepted:
2021-03-16
Online:
2021-11-10
Published:
2021-06-23
Contact:
Ruitao Qu,Zhefeng Zhang
About author:
Zhefeng Zhang, zhfzhang@imr.ac.cnXiaojuan Fan, Ruitao Qu, Zhefeng Zhang. Relation Between Strength and Hardness of High-Entropy Alloys[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2021, 34(11): 1461-1482.
Add to citation manager EndNote|Ris|BibTeX
Alloy | Phase | HV (MPa) | σ (MPa) | δ (%) | HV/σ | Rt | Ref. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
σy | σUTS | HV/σy | HV/σUTS | ||||||
Al4(CoCrFeMnNi)96 | FCC | 1657 | 217 | 500 | 58 | 7.64 | 3.31 | 2.30 | [ |
Al7(CoCrFeMnNi)93 | FCC | 1785 | 242 | 529 | 47.2 | 7.38 | 3.37 | 2.19 | [ |
Al0.3CoCrFeNi | FCC | 1403 | 180 | 419 | 63 | 7.79 | 3.35 | 2.33 | [ |
AlCoCrFeNi4 | FCC | 2185 | 312 | 660 | 39 | 7.00 | 3.31 | 2.12 | [ |
Al5Co35Fe20Ni35Ti5 | FCC | 3139 | 775 | 1045 | 18 | 4.05 | 3.0 | 1.35 | [ |
C2.2(Co10Cr10Fe40Mn40)97.8 | FCC | 2087 | 310 | 650 | 62.9 | 6.73 | 3.21 | 2.10 | [ |
C3.3(Co10Cr10Fe40Mn40)96.7 | FCC | 2411 | 422 | 787 | 77.8 | 5.71 | 3.06 | 1.86 | [ |
C4.4(Co10Cr10Fe40Mn40)95.6 | FCC | 2646 | 467 | 836 | 54.7 | 5.67 | 3.16 | 1.79 | [ |
Co10Cr10Fe40Mn40 | FCC | 1401 | 213 | 471 | 57.7 | 6.58 | 2.97 | 2.21 | [ |
Co5(CrFeMnNi)95 | FCC | 1509 | 210 | 488 | 56.8 | 7.19 | 3.09 | 2.32 | [ |
Co10(CrFeMnNi)90 | FCC | 1441 | 205 | 537 | 60.7 | 7.03 | 2.68 | 2.62 | [ |
Co20(CrFeMnNi)80 | FCC | 1499 | 215 | 512 | 67.2 | 6.97 | 2.93 | 2.38 | [ |
CoCrFeMnNi | FCC | 1421 | 245 | 530 | 49.1 | 5.8 | 2.68 | 2.16 | [ |
CoCrFeMnNi | FCC | 1667 | 215 | 491 | 71 | 7.75 | 3.40 | 2.28 | [ |
CoCrFeMnNi | FCC | 1726 | 209 | 496 | 61.7 | 8.26 | 3.48 | 2.37 | [ |
CoCrFeNi | FCC | 1569 | 140 | 488 | 83 | 11.21 | 3.22 | 3.49 | [ |
Co0.5CrFeNi1.5Ti0.3 | FCC | 3038 | 586 | 875 | 46 | 5.18 | 3.47 | 1.49 | [ |
CoCrFeNiTi0.3 | FCC | 2577 | 540 | 772 | 60 | 4.77 | 3.34 | 1.43 | [ |
CoCu0.5FeNiTa0.1 | FCC | 1836 | 315 | 575 | 36.3 | 5.83 | 3.19 | 1.83 | [ |
CrFeNi2Ti0.3 | FCC | 3283 | 672 | 982 | 37 | 4.89 | 3.34 | 1.46 | [ |
Al18Co20Cr21Fe20Ni21 | BCC | 4978 | - | 355 | 0 | - | 14.02 | - | [ |
Hf0.5Nb0.5Ta0.5Ti1.5Zr | BCC | 2950 | 903 | 990 | 18.8 | 3.27 | 2.98 | 1.10 | [ |
HfNbTaTiZr | BCC | 3518 | 1155 | 1212 | 12.3 | 3.05 | 2.90 | 1.05 | [ |
NbTaTi | BCC | 2411 | 620 | 683 | 18.5 | 3.89 | 3.53 | 1.10 | [ |
NbTiZr | BCC | 2891 | 956 | 991 | 14.2 | 3.02 | 2.92 | 1.04 | [ |
Al8(CoCrFeMnNi)92 | FCC + BCC | 1775 | 281 | 644 | 36.5 | 6.32 | 2.76 | 2.29 | [ |
Al9(CoCrFeMnNi)91 | FCC + BCC | 2141 | 331 | 727 | 30.4 | 6.47 | 2.94 | 2.20 | [ |
Al10(CoCrFeMnNi)90 | FCC + BCC | 2707 | 526 | 994 | 18.8 | 5.15 | 2.72 | 1.89 | [ |
Al11(CoCrFeMnNi)89 | FCC + BCC | 3949 | 832 | 1174 | 7.7 | 4.75 | 3.36 | 1.41 | [ |
Al0.5CoCrFeNi | FCC + BCC | 2744 | 380 | 810 | 67 | 7.22 | 3.39 | 2.13 | [ |
AlCoCrFeNi1.5 | FCC + BCC | 4904 | 795 | 1150 | 3.1 | 6.17 | 4.26 | 1.45 | [ |
AlCoCrFeNi2 | FCC + BCC | 3236 | 680 | 1130 | 21.2 | 4.76 | 2.86 | 1.66 | [ |
AlCoCrFeNi2.5 | FCC + BCC | 2567 | 470 | 900 | 25.3 | 5.46 | 2.85 | 1.91 | [ |
AlCoCrFeNi3 | FCC + BCC | 2344 | 387 | 810 | 31.2 | 6.06 | 2.89 | 2.09 | [ |
Al10.5Co20Cr24.75Fe20Ni24.75 | FCC + BCC | 2401 | 370 | 790 | 25 | 6.49 | 3.04 | 2.14 | [ |
CoCrFeMn | FCC + IM | 5194 | 338 | 795 | 4.3 | 15.4 | 6.53 | 2.35 | [ |
(CoCrFeMn)90Ni10 | FCC + IM | 1509 | 246 | 450 | 18.2 | 6.13 | 3.35 | 1.83 | [ |
CoCrFeMnNiV | FCC + IM | 6375 | - | 90 | 0 | - | 70.83 | - | [ |
CoCrFeNiV | FCC + IM | 5139 | - | 311 | 0 | - | 16.52 | - | [ |
CoCuFeMnNiSn0.05 | FCC + IM | 1999.2 | 283 | 477 | 10.1 | 7.06 | 4.19 | 1.69 | [ |
CoCuFeMnNiSn0.08 | FCC + IM | 2126.6 | 272 | 424 | 6.3 | 7.82 | 5.02 | 1.56 | [ |
CoCuFeMnNiSn0.1 | FCC + IM | 2459.8 | 333 | 472 | 5.1 | 7.39 | 5.21 | 1.42 | [ |
CoCuFeMnNiSn0.2 | FCC + IM | 3116.4 | 283 | 368 | 1.7 | 11.0 | 8.47 | 1.30 | [ |
Table 1 Tensile strengths (σy and σUTS), Vickers hardness (HV), elongation (δ), hardness-to-strength ratios and tensile ultimate-to-yield strength ratio (${R}_{\mathrm{t}}={\sigma }_{\mathrm{UTS}}/{\sigma }_{\mathrm{y}}$) for various HEAs
Alloy | Phase | HV (MPa) | σ (MPa) | δ (%) | HV/σ | Rt | Ref. | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
σy | σUTS | HV/σy | HV/σUTS | ||||||
Al4(CoCrFeMnNi)96 | FCC | 1657 | 217 | 500 | 58 | 7.64 | 3.31 | 2.30 | [ |
Al7(CoCrFeMnNi)93 | FCC | 1785 | 242 | 529 | 47.2 | 7.38 | 3.37 | 2.19 | [ |
Al0.3CoCrFeNi | FCC | 1403 | 180 | 419 | 63 | 7.79 | 3.35 | 2.33 | [ |
AlCoCrFeNi4 | FCC | 2185 | 312 | 660 | 39 | 7.00 | 3.31 | 2.12 | [ |
Al5Co35Fe20Ni35Ti5 | FCC | 3139 | 775 | 1045 | 18 | 4.05 | 3.0 | 1.35 | [ |
C2.2(Co10Cr10Fe40Mn40)97.8 | FCC | 2087 | 310 | 650 | 62.9 | 6.73 | 3.21 | 2.10 | [ |
C3.3(Co10Cr10Fe40Mn40)96.7 | FCC | 2411 | 422 | 787 | 77.8 | 5.71 | 3.06 | 1.86 | [ |
C4.4(Co10Cr10Fe40Mn40)95.6 | FCC | 2646 | 467 | 836 | 54.7 | 5.67 | 3.16 | 1.79 | [ |
Co10Cr10Fe40Mn40 | FCC | 1401 | 213 | 471 | 57.7 | 6.58 | 2.97 | 2.21 | [ |
Co5(CrFeMnNi)95 | FCC | 1509 | 210 | 488 | 56.8 | 7.19 | 3.09 | 2.32 | [ |
Co10(CrFeMnNi)90 | FCC | 1441 | 205 | 537 | 60.7 | 7.03 | 2.68 | 2.62 | [ |
Co20(CrFeMnNi)80 | FCC | 1499 | 215 | 512 | 67.2 | 6.97 | 2.93 | 2.38 | [ |
CoCrFeMnNi | FCC | 1421 | 245 | 530 | 49.1 | 5.8 | 2.68 | 2.16 | [ |
CoCrFeMnNi | FCC | 1667 | 215 | 491 | 71 | 7.75 | 3.40 | 2.28 | [ |
CoCrFeMnNi | FCC | 1726 | 209 | 496 | 61.7 | 8.26 | 3.48 | 2.37 | [ |
CoCrFeNi | FCC | 1569 | 140 | 488 | 83 | 11.21 | 3.22 | 3.49 | [ |
Co0.5CrFeNi1.5Ti0.3 | FCC | 3038 | 586 | 875 | 46 | 5.18 | 3.47 | 1.49 | [ |
CoCrFeNiTi0.3 | FCC | 2577 | 540 | 772 | 60 | 4.77 | 3.34 | 1.43 | [ |
CoCu0.5FeNiTa0.1 | FCC | 1836 | 315 | 575 | 36.3 | 5.83 | 3.19 | 1.83 | [ |
CrFeNi2Ti0.3 | FCC | 3283 | 672 | 982 | 37 | 4.89 | 3.34 | 1.46 | [ |
Al18Co20Cr21Fe20Ni21 | BCC | 4978 | - | 355 | 0 | - | 14.02 | - | [ |
Hf0.5Nb0.5Ta0.5Ti1.5Zr | BCC | 2950 | 903 | 990 | 18.8 | 3.27 | 2.98 | 1.10 | [ |
HfNbTaTiZr | BCC | 3518 | 1155 | 1212 | 12.3 | 3.05 | 2.90 | 1.05 | [ |
NbTaTi | BCC | 2411 | 620 | 683 | 18.5 | 3.89 | 3.53 | 1.10 | [ |
NbTiZr | BCC | 2891 | 956 | 991 | 14.2 | 3.02 | 2.92 | 1.04 | [ |
Al8(CoCrFeMnNi)92 | FCC + BCC | 1775 | 281 | 644 | 36.5 | 6.32 | 2.76 | 2.29 | [ |
Al9(CoCrFeMnNi)91 | FCC + BCC | 2141 | 331 | 727 | 30.4 | 6.47 | 2.94 | 2.20 | [ |
Al10(CoCrFeMnNi)90 | FCC + BCC | 2707 | 526 | 994 | 18.8 | 5.15 | 2.72 | 1.89 | [ |
Al11(CoCrFeMnNi)89 | FCC + BCC | 3949 | 832 | 1174 | 7.7 | 4.75 | 3.36 | 1.41 | [ |
Al0.5CoCrFeNi | FCC + BCC | 2744 | 380 | 810 | 67 | 7.22 | 3.39 | 2.13 | [ |
AlCoCrFeNi1.5 | FCC + BCC | 4904 | 795 | 1150 | 3.1 | 6.17 | 4.26 | 1.45 | [ |
AlCoCrFeNi2 | FCC + BCC | 3236 | 680 | 1130 | 21.2 | 4.76 | 2.86 | 1.66 | [ |
AlCoCrFeNi2.5 | FCC + BCC | 2567 | 470 | 900 | 25.3 | 5.46 | 2.85 | 1.91 | [ |
AlCoCrFeNi3 | FCC + BCC | 2344 | 387 | 810 | 31.2 | 6.06 | 2.89 | 2.09 | [ |
Al10.5Co20Cr24.75Fe20Ni24.75 | FCC + BCC | 2401 | 370 | 790 | 25 | 6.49 | 3.04 | 2.14 | [ |
CoCrFeMn | FCC + IM | 5194 | 338 | 795 | 4.3 | 15.4 | 6.53 | 2.35 | [ |
(CoCrFeMn)90Ni10 | FCC + IM | 1509 | 246 | 450 | 18.2 | 6.13 | 3.35 | 1.83 | [ |
CoCrFeMnNiV | FCC + IM | 6375 | - | 90 | 0 | - | 70.83 | - | [ |
CoCrFeNiV | FCC + IM | 5139 | - | 311 | 0 | - | 16.52 | - | [ |
CoCuFeMnNiSn0.05 | FCC + IM | 1999.2 | 283 | 477 | 10.1 | 7.06 | 4.19 | 1.69 | [ |
CoCuFeMnNiSn0.08 | FCC + IM | 2126.6 | 272 | 424 | 6.3 | 7.82 | 5.02 | 1.56 | [ |
CoCuFeMnNiSn0.1 | FCC + IM | 2459.8 | 333 | 472 | 5.1 | 7.39 | 5.21 | 1.42 | [ |
CoCuFeMnNiSn0.2 | FCC + IM | 3116.4 | 283 | 368 | 1.7 | 11.0 | 8.47 | 1.30 | [ |
Alloy | Phase | HV (MPa) | σ (MPa) | εf (%) | HV/σ | Rc or Rc10 | Ref. | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
σyc | σ10 | σf | HV/σyc | HV/σ10 | HV/σf | ||||||
Al0.4CoCrFeNi | FCC | 1525 | 233 | 420 | - | 81.3 | 6.55 | 3.63 | - | 1.80 | [ |
Al0.5CoCrFeNi | FCC | 1697 | 138 | 638 | - | > 28 | 12.29 | 2.66 | - | 4.62 | [ |
Al7Co24Cr21Fe24Ni24 | FCC | 1471 | 249 | 473 | - | > 50 | 5.91 | 3.11 | - | 1.90 | [ |
Al0.5CoCrFeMo0.1Ni | FCC | 2207 | 184 | 770 | - | > 28 | 11.99 | 2.87 | - | 4.18 | [ |
Al0.2CoCrFeNiTi0.5 | FCC | 4698 | 1320 | 1691 | 1681 | 19.5 | 3.56 | 2.78 | 2.79 | 1.27 | [ |
CoCrFeMnNi | FCC | 1323 | 230 | 441 | - | > 75 | 5.75 | 3.00 | - | 1.92 | [ |
CoCrFeNi | FCC | 1315 | 190 | 400 | - | > 75 | 6.92 | 3.29 | - | 2.11 | [ |
CoCrFeNiTi0.5 | FCC | 4972 | 1147 | 1595 | 1589 | 22 | 4.33 | 3.12 | 3.13 | 1.39 | [ |
CoFeNi | FCC | 1195 | 199 | 419 | - | > 50 | 6.01 | 2.85 | - | 2.11 | [ |
CoFeNiSi0.25 | FCC | 1434 | 189 | 396 | - | > 50 | 7.59 | 3.62 | - | 2.10 | [ |
CoFeNiV | FCC | 2335 | 428 | 747 | - | > 80 | 5.46 | 3.13 | - | 1.75 | [ |
AlCoCrFeNi | BCC | 4782 | 1350 | 1597 | 2210 | 24.2 | 3.54 | 2.99 | 2.16 | 1.64 | [ |
AlCoCrFeNi | BCC | 5096 | 1373 | 1930 | 2609 | 28.1 | 3.71 | 2.64 | 1.95 | 1.90 | [ |
AlCoCrFeNi | BCC | 5237 | 1379 | 1742 | 2149 | 27 | 3.8 | 3.00 | 2.44 | 1.56 | [ |
AlCoCrFeNiV0.2 | BCC | 5468 | 1492 | 1742 | 2309 | 32 | 3.67 | 3.14 | 2.37 | 1.55 | [ |
AlCoCrFeNiV0.5 | BCC | 5799 | 1598 | - | 1754 | 10 | 3.63 | - | 3.31 | 1.1 | [ |
AlCoCrFeNiV0.8 | BCC | 6127 | 1696 | - | 1866 | 13 | 3.61 | - | 3.28 | 1.10 | [ |
AlCoCrFeNiV | BCC | 6363 | 1727 | - | 1764 | 7.5 | 3.68 | - | 3.61 | 1.02 | [ |
AlCoCrFeNiV | BCC | 6520 | - | - | 1801 | 6.4 | - | - | 3.62 | - | [ |
Al1.5CoCrFeNiV | BCC | 6712 | - | - | 1980 | 9.5 | - | - | 3.39 | - | [ |
AlCoFeNi | BCC | 4410 | 967 | - | 1257 | 7.9 | 4.56 | - | 3.51 | 1.30 | [ |
Al0.3HfNbTaTiZr | BCC | 3459 | 1188 | 1324 | - | > 50 | 2.91 | 2.61 | - | 1.11 | [ |
Al0.4Hf0.6NbTaTiZr | BCC | 4900 | 1841 | - | 2087 | 10 | 2.66 | - | 2.35 | 1.13 | [ |
Al0.4Hf0.6NbTaTiZr | BCC | 4000 | 1280 | - | 1319 | 3.5 | 3.1 | - | 3.03 | 1.03 | [ |
Al0.5HfNbTaTiZr | BCC | 3881 | 1302 | 1510 | - | 46 | 2.98 | 2.57 | - | 1.16 | [ |
Al0.75HfNbTaTiZr | BCC | 4185 | 1415 | 1555 | 1520 | 30 | 2.96 | 2.69 | 2.75 | 1.07 | [ |
AlHfNbTaTiZr | BCC | 4322 | 1489 | 1649 | 1544 | 21 | 2.90 | 2.62 | 2.80 | 1.04 | [ |
Al0.25MoNbTiV | BCC | 4509 | 1250 | - | 1362 | 12.9 | 3.61 | - | 3.31 | 1.09 | [ |
Al0.5MoNbTiV | BCC | 4768 | 1625 | - | 1670 | 11.3 | 2.93 | - | 2.86 | 1.03 | [ |
Al0.3NbTa0.8Ti1.4V0.2Zr1.3 | BCC | 4900 | 1965 | - | 1957 | 5 | 2.49 | - | 2.50 | 0.99 | [ |
AlNb1.5Ta0.5Ti1.5Zr0.5 | BCC | 4900 | 1841 | - | 2042 | 10 | 2.66 | - | 2.40 | 1.11 | [ |
AlNbTiV | BCC | 4315 | 1020 | - | 1278 | 5 | 4.23 | - | 3.38 | 1.25 | [ |
HfMo0.25NbTaTiZr | BCC | 3871 | 1112 | 1328 | - | > 50 | 3.48 | 2.91 | - | 1.19 | [ |
HfMo0.5NbTaTiZr | BCC | 4704 | 1317 | 1535 | - | > 50 | 3.57 | 3.07 | - | 1.17 | [ |
HfMo0.75NbTaTiZr | BCC | 4822 | 1373 | 1585 | - | > 50 | 3.51 | 3.04 | - | 1.15 | [ |
HfMoNbTaTiZr | BCC | 4949 | 1512 | - | 1625 | 12 | 3.27 | - | 3.05 | 1.07 | [ |
HfMoNbTaTiZr | BCC | 4952 | 1512 | - | 1653 | 12 | 3.27 | - | 3.00 | 1.09 | [ |
HfMoTaTiZr | BCC | 5315 | 1600 | - | 1709 | 4 | 3.32 | - | 3.10 | 1.06 | [ |
HfNbTaTiZr | BCC | 3283 | 1015 | 1165 | - | > 50 | 3.23 | 2.82 | - | 1.15 | [ |
HfNbTaTiZr | BCC | 3826 | 929 | 1248 | - | > 50 | 4.12 | 3.07 | - | 1.34 | [ |
HfNbTaTiZr | BCC | 2891 | 1073 | 1221 | - | > 50 | 2.69 | 2.37 | - | 1.14 | [ |
HfNbTaZr | BCC | 3575 | 1315 | 1501 | 1447 | 25 | 2.72 | 2.38 | 2.47 | 1.10 | [ |
MoNbTaV | BCC | 4947 | 1525 | 1869 | 1968 | 21 | 3.24 | 2.65 | 2.51 | 1.29 | [ |
MoNbTiV | BCC | 4319 | 1200 | 1501 | 1593 | 25.6 | 3.6 | 2.88 | 2.71 | 1.33 | [ |
NbTaTiV | BCC | 3113 | 965 | 1107 | - | > 50 | 3.23 | 3.07 | - | 1.05 | [ |
NbTaTiVW | BCC | 4380 | 1420 | 1748 | 1776 | 22 | 3.08 | 2.73 | 2.99 | 1.03 | [ |
NbTaVW | BCC | 4830 | 1530 | - | 1621 | 13 | 3.16 | - | 3.19 | 0.99 | [ |
AlCoCrCuFeNi | FCC + BCC | 5056 | 1515 | 1627 | 1638 | 20.7 | 3.34 | 3.11 | 3.09 | 1.08 | [ |
AlCoCrCuFeNi | FCC + BCC | 4629 | 1227 | 1404 | 1510 | 16 | 3.77 | 3.3 | 3.07 | 1.23 | [ |
AlCoCrFeMnNi | FCC + BCC | 6492 | - | - | 2142 | 8.3 | - | - | 3.03 | - | [ |
Al0.4Co0.25CrFeNi | FCC + BCC | 2013 | 522 | 603 | - | 75.1 | 3.86 | 3.34 | - | 1.16 | [ |
Al0.7Co0.3CrFeNi | FCC + BCC | 6119 | 2033 | - | 2453 | 8.1 | 3.01 | - | 2.49 | 1.21 | [ |
AlCoCrFeNi1.5 | FCC + BCC | 5135 | 1360 | 1930 | 2114 | 20.8 | 3.78 | 2.66 | 2.43 | 1.55 | [ |
AlCoCrFeNi1.8 | FCC + BCC | 3312 | 600 | 1129 | 1591 | 37.6 | 5.52 | 2.93 | 2.08 | 2.65 | [ |
AlCoCrFeNi2.1 | FCC + BCC | 2920 | 670 | 1047 | - | > 60 | 4.36 | 2.79 | - | 1.56 | [ |
AlCoCrFeNi2.4 | FCC + BCC | 2646 | 500 | 877 | 1446 | 42.5 | 5.29 | 3.02 | 1.83 | 2.89 | [ |
AlCoCrFeNi2.7 | FCC + BCC | 2548 | 470 | 780 | 1470 | 49.3 | 5.42 | 3.27 | 1.73 | 3.13 | [ |
AlCoCrFeNi3 | FCC + BCC | 2362 | 440 | 744 | 1364 | 44.7 | 5.37 | 3.17 | 1.73 | 3.1 | [ |
(Al7Co24Cr21Fe24Ni24)89Cr11 | FCC + BCC | 2942 | 456 | 812 | - | > 50 | 6.45 | 3.62 | - | 1.78 | [ |
(Al7Co24Cr21Fe24Ni24)80Cr20 | FCC + BCC | 4119 | 998 | 1302 | 1191 | 29.5 | 4.13 | 3.16 | 3.46 | 1.19 | [ |
(Al7Co24Cr21Fe24Ni24)74Cr26 | FCC + BCC | 5002 | 1649 | 2024 | 2233 | 24.9 | 3.03 | 2.47 | 2.24 | 1.35 | [ |
Al0.5CoCrFeNiTi0.5 | FCC + BCC | 5227 | 1709 | - | 1977 | 13.5 | 3.06 | - | 2.64 | 1.16 | [ |
Al0.5CoCrFeNiTi0.5 | FCC + BCC | 5104 | 1100 | 1612 | 1699 | 27.5 | 4.64 | 3.17 | 3.00 | 1.54 | [ |
Al0.8CoCrFeNiTi0.2 | FCC + BCC | 4635 | 968 | 1598 | 1780 | 30.1 | 4.79 | 2.90 | 2.60 | 1.84 | [ |
Al0.5CoCrFeNiV | FCC + BCC | 6217 | - | - | 1761 | 8.2 | - | - | 3.53 | - | [ |
AlCoCuFeMnNi | FCC + BCC | 4394 | 1317 | - | 1723 | 12.8 | 3.33 | - | 2.57 | 1.31 | [ |
AlCoCuFeNi | FCC + BCC | 5259 | 1134 | - | 1330 | 9 | 4.64 | - | 3.95 | 1.17 | [ |
AlCoCuFeNi | FCC + BCC | 5211 | 1210 | - | 1330 | 8.7 | 4.31 | - | 3.91 | 1.1 | [ |
AlCoCuFeNiSi | FCC + BCC | 6673 | 1712 | - | 1930 | 10 | 3.90 | - | 3.46 | 1.13 | [ |
AlCoCuFeNiTi | FCC + BCC | 6132 | 1366 | - | 1660 | 11 | 4.49 | - | 3.69 | 1.22 | [ |
Al0.5CoFeNi | FCC + BCC | 1999 | 343 | 563 | - | > 50 | 5.83 | 3.55 | - | 1.64 | [ |
Al0.6CoFeNi | FCC + BCC | 6541 | 2200 | - | 2322 | 6.2 | 2.97 | - | 2.82 | 1.06 | [ |
Al0.75CoFeNi | FCC + BCC | 3731 | 786 | 1435 | 1955 | 31.2 | 4.75 | 2.6 | 1.90 | 2.49 | [ |
Al0.6CoFeNiTi0.4 | FCC + BCC | 6982 | 2732 | - | 2915 | 10.1 | 2.56 | 2.4 | 1.07 | [ | |
CoCrFeMnNiV0. 5 | FCC + IM | 2695 | 620 | 904 | - | > 75 | 4.35 | 2.98 | - | 1.46 | [ |
CoCrFeMnNiV0.75 | FCC + IM | 3724 | 740 | - | 1248 | 7.8 | 5.03 | - | 2.99 | 1.69 | [ |
CoCrFeMnNiV | FCC + IM | 6233 | 1660 | - | 1845 | 0.5 | 3.75 | - | 3.38 | 1.12 | [ |
CoCrFeMnNiV | FCC + IM | 6239 | 1660 | - | 1845 | 0.5 | 3.76 | - | 3.38 | 1.11 | [ |
CoCrFeMo0.5Ni | FCC + IM | 3128 | 510 | 1017 | 1371 | 33 | 6.13 | 3.07 | 2.28 | 2.69 | [ |
CoCrFeMo0.85Ni | FCC + IM | 4119 | 929 | - | 1441 | 21 | 4.43 | - | 2.86 | 1.55 | [ |
Co0.5CrFeNiTi0.5 | FCC + IM | 8460 | 2650 | - | 2690 | 10 | 3.19 | - | 3.14 | 1.02 | [ |
CoCrFeNiV | FCC + IM | 5758 | 1435 | - | 1656 | 2.5 | 4.01 | - | 3.48 | 1.15 | [ |
CoCrFeNiV | FCC + IM | 4770 | 1176 | - | 1572 | 9.7 | 4.06 | - | 3.03 | 1.34 | [ |
CoFeMo0.2NiV | FCC + IM | 2621 | 687 | 748 | - | > 80 | 3.82 | 3.50 | - | 1.09 | [ |
CoFeMo0.4NiV | FCC + IM | 3947 | 1000 | 1432 | 1649 | 25 | 3.95 | 2.76 | 2.39 | 1.65 | [ |
CoFeMo0.6NiV | FCC + IM | 5459 | 1589 | - | 2038 | < 5 | 3.44 | - | 2.68 | 1.28 | [ |
CoFeMo0.8NiV | FCC + IM | 5939 | 1770 | - | 2164 | < 5 | 3.36 | - | 2.75 | 1.22 | [ |
CoFeMoNiV | FCC + IM | 6121 | 1963 | - | 1963 | < 5 | 3.12 | - | 3.12 | 1 | [ |
CoFeMoNi1.2 V | FCC + IM | 5900 | 1971 | - | 1847 | 8.3 | 2.99 | - | 3.19 | 0.94 | [ |
CoFeMoNi1.4 V | FCC + IM | 5268 | 1505 | - | 1756 | 8.9 | 3.50 | - | 3 | 1.17 | [ |
CoFeMoNi1.6 V | FCC + IM | 5010 | 1443 | - | 1770 | 8.7 | 3.47 | - | 2.83 | 1.23 | [ |
CoFeMoNi1.8 V | FCC + IM | 5001 | 1330 | - | 1797 | 10.3 | 3.76 | - | 2.78 | 1.35 | [ |
CoFeNiSi0.5 | FCC + IM | 2759 | 472 | 925 | 1388 | 44 | 5.85 | 2.98 | 1.99 | 2.94 | [ |
CoFeNiSi0.75 | FCC + IM | 5566 | 1297 | - | 1906 | 2.9 | 4.29 | - | 2.92 | 1.47 | [ |
Al2CoCrFeNiV | BCC + IM | 6393 | - | - | 1802 | 4.3 | - | - | 3.55 | - | [ |
AlCrFeMo0.8Ni | BCC + IM | 8376 | - | - | 1512 | 0 | - | - | 5.54 | - | [ |
CrFeMoNbV | BCC + IM | 8100 | 2663 | - | 2615 | 2.7 | 3.04 | - | 3.10 | 0.98 | [ |
CrMo0.5NbTiV | BCC + IM | 5080 | 1610 | - | 1628 | 6.4 | 3.16 | - | 3.12 | 1.01 | [ |
Cr1.5Mo0.5NbTiV | BCC + IM | 5678 | 1897 | - | 1892 | 4.5 | 2.99 | - | 3.00 | 0.99 | [ |
Cr2Mo0.5NbTiV | BCC + IM | 6541 | 2311 | - | 2285 | 3.3 | 2.83 | - | 2.86 | 0.99 | [ |
CrNbTiVZr | BCC + IM | 4720 | - | - | 1298 | 3 | - | - | 3.64 | - | [ |
CrNbTiZr | BCC + IM | 4099 | - | - | 1260 | 6 | - | - | 3.25 | - | [ |
HfNbSi0.5TiV | BCC + IM | 4802 | 1399 | - | 1465 | 10.9 | 3.43 | - | 3.28 | 1.05 | [ |
Al0.5CoCrFeMo0.2Ni | FCC + BCC + IM | 2785 | 556 | 1110 | 1357 | 34 | 5.01 | 2.51 | 2.05 | 2.44 | [ |
Al0.5CoCrFeMo0.3Ni | FCC + BCC + IM | 3325 | 814 | 1282 | 1529 | 31 | 4.08 | 2.59 | 2.17 | 1.88 | [ |
Al0.5CoCrFeMo0.4Ni | FCC + BCC + IM | 4286 | 1091 | 1664 | 1810 | 18 | 3.93 | 2.58 | 2.37 | 1.66 | [ |
Al0.5CoCrFeMo0.5Ni | FCC + BCC + IM | 5570 | 1544 | - | 2242 | 10 | 3.61 | - | 2.48 | 1.45 | [ |
Al0.5CoFeNiTi0.5 | FCC + BCC + IM | 7188 | - | - | 2850 | 1.6 | - | - | 2.52 | - | [ |
AlCrCuFeNi0.6 | FCC + BCC + IM | 4848 | 1496 | - | 2025 | 2.87 | 3.24 | - | 2.39 | 1.35 | [ |
AlCrCuFeNi | FCC + BCC + IM | 4844 | 1496 | - | 1800 | 1.9 | 3.24 | - | 2.69 | 1.20 | [ |
AlCrCuFeNi1.2 | FCC + BCC + IM | 3998 | 1105 | - | 1298 | 1.4 | 3.62 | - | 3.08 | 1.17 | [ |
AlCrCuFeNi1.4 | FCC + BCC + IM | 3626 | 1265 | - | 1707 | 2.2 | 2.87 | - | 2.12 | 1.35 | [ |
Table 2 Compressive strengths (σyc, σ10, σf), Vickers hardness (HV), fracture strain (εf), hardness-to-strength ratios and compressive fracture-to-yield strength ratio (${R}_{\mathrm{c}}={\sigma }_{\mathrm{f}}/{\sigma }_{\mathrm{yc}}$ or ${R}_{\mathrm{c}10}={\sigma }_{10}/{\sigma }_{\mathrm{yc}}$ for HEAs without reporting on σf) for various HEAs
Alloy | Phase | HV (MPa) | σ (MPa) | εf (%) | HV/σ | Rc or Rc10 | Ref. | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
σyc | σ10 | σf | HV/σyc | HV/σ10 | HV/σf | ||||||
Al0.4CoCrFeNi | FCC | 1525 | 233 | 420 | - | 81.3 | 6.55 | 3.63 | - | 1.80 | [ |
Al0.5CoCrFeNi | FCC | 1697 | 138 | 638 | - | > 28 | 12.29 | 2.66 | - | 4.62 | [ |
Al7Co24Cr21Fe24Ni24 | FCC | 1471 | 249 | 473 | - | > 50 | 5.91 | 3.11 | - | 1.90 | [ |
Al0.5CoCrFeMo0.1Ni | FCC | 2207 | 184 | 770 | - | > 28 | 11.99 | 2.87 | - | 4.18 | [ |
Al0.2CoCrFeNiTi0.5 | FCC | 4698 | 1320 | 1691 | 1681 | 19.5 | 3.56 | 2.78 | 2.79 | 1.27 | [ |
CoCrFeMnNi | FCC | 1323 | 230 | 441 | - | > 75 | 5.75 | 3.00 | - | 1.92 | [ |
CoCrFeNi | FCC | 1315 | 190 | 400 | - | > 75 | 6.92 | 3.29 | - | 2.11 | [ |
CoCrFeNiTi0.5 | FCC | 4972 | 1147 | 1595 | 1589 | 22 | 4.33 | 3.12 | 3.13 | 1.39 | [ |
CoFeNi | FCC | 1195 | 199 | 419 | - | > 50 | 6.01 | 2.85 | - | 2.11 | [ |
CoFeNiSi0.25 | FCC | 1434 | 189 | 396 | - | > 50 | 7.59 | 3.62 | - | 2.10 | [ |
CoFeNiV | FCC | 2335 | 428 | 747 | - | > 80 | 5.46 | 3.13 | - | 1.75 | [ |
AlCoCrFeNi | BCC | 4782 | 1350 | 1597 | 2210 | 24.2 | 3.54 | 2.99 | 2.16 | 1.64 | [ |
AlCoCrFeNi | BCC | 5096 | 1373 | 1930 | 2609 | 28.1 | 3.71 | 2.64 | 1.95 | 1.90 | [ |
AlCoCrFeNi | BCC | 5237 | 1379 | 1742 | 2149 | 27 | 3.8 | 3.00 | 2.44 | 1.56 | [ |
AlCoCrFeNiV0.2 | BCC | 5468 | 1492 | 1742 | 2309 | 32 | 3.67 | 3.14 | 2.37 | 1.55 | [ |
AlCoCrFeNiV0.5 | BCC | 5799 | 1598 | - | 1754 | 10 | 3.63 | - | 3.31 | 1.1 | [ |
AlCoCrFeNiV0.8 | BCC | 6127 | 1696 | - | 1866 | 13 | 3.61 | - | 3.28 | 1.10 | [ |
AlCoCrFeNiV | BCC | 6363 | 1727 | - | 1764 | 7.5 | 3.68 | - | 3.61 | 1.02 | [ |
AlCoCrFeNiV | BCC | 6520 | - | - | 1801 | 6.4 | - | - | 3.62 | - | [ |
Al1.5CoCrFeNiV | BCC | 6712 | - | - | 1980 | 9.5 | - | - | 3.39 | - | [ |
AlCoFeNi | BCC | 4410 | 967 | - | 1257 | 7.9 | 4.56 | - | 3.51 | 1.30 | [ |
Al0.3HfNbTaTiZr | BCC | 3459 | 1188 | 1324 | - | > 50 | 2.91 | 2.61 | - | 1.11 | [ |
Al0.4Hf0.6NbTaTiZr | BCC | 4900 | 1841 | - | 2087 | 10 | 2.66 | - | 2.35 | 1.13 | [ |
Al0.4Hf0.6NbTaTiZr | BCC | 4000 | 1280 | - | 1319 | 3.5 | 3.1 | - | 3.03 | 1.03 | [ |
Al0.5HfNbTaTiZr | BCC | 3881 | 1302 | 1510 | - | 46 | 2.98 | 2.57 | - | 1.16 | [ |
Al0.75HfNbTaTiZr | BCC | 4185 | 1415 | 1555 | 1520 | 30 | 2.96 | 2.69 | 2.75 | 1.07 | [ |
AlHfNbTaTiZr | BCC | 4322 | 1489 | 1649 | 1544 | 21 | 2.90 | 2.62 | 2.80 | 1.04 | [ |
Al0.25MoNbTiV | BCC | 4509 | 1250 | - | 1362 | 12.9 | 3.61 | - | 3.31 | 1.09 | [ |
Al0.5MoNbTiV | BCC | 4768 | 1625 | - | 1670 | 11.3 | 2.93 | - | 2.86 | 1.03 | [ |
Al0.3NbTa0.8Ti1.4V0.2Zr1.3 | BCC | 4900 | 1965 | - | 1957 | 5 | 2.49 | - | 2.50 | 0.99 | [ |
AlNb1.5Ta0.5Ti1.5Zr0.5 | BCC | 4900 | 1841 | - | 2042 | 10 | 2.66 | - | 2.40 | 1.11 | [ |
AlNbTiV | BCC | 4315 | 1020 | - | 1278 | 5 | 4.23 | - | 3.38 | 1.25 | [ |
HfMo0.25NbTaTiZr | BCC | 3871 | 1112 | 1328 | - | > 50 | 3.48 | 2.91 | - | 1.19 | [ |
HfMo0.5NbTaTiZr | BCC | 4704 | 1317 | 1535 | - | > 50 | 3.57 | 3.07 | - | 1.17 | [ |
HfMo0.75NbTaTiZr | BCC | 4822 | 1373 | 1585 | - | > 50 | 3.51 | 3.04 | - | 1.15 | [ |
HfMoNbTaTiZr | BCC | 4949 | 1512 | - | 1625 | 12 | 3.27 | - | 3.05 | 1.07 | [ |
HfMoNbTaTiZr | BCC | 4952 | 1512 | - | 1653 | 12 | 3.27 | - | 3.00 | 1.09 | [ |
HfMoTaTiZr | BCC | 5315 | 1600 | - | 1709 | 4 | 3.32 | - | 3.10 | 1.06 | [ |
HfNbTaTiZr | BCC | 3283 | 1015 | 1165 | - | > 50 | 3.23 | 2.82 | - | 1.15 | [ |
HfNbTaTiZr | BCC | 3826 | 929 | 1248 | - | > 50 | 4.12 | 3.07 | - | 1.34 | [ |
HfNbTaTiZr | BCC | 2891 | 1073 | 1221 | - | > 50 | 2.69 | 2.37 | - | 1.14 | [ |
HfNbTaZr | BCC | 3575 | 1315 | 1501 | 1447 | 25 | 2.72 | 2.38 | 2.47 | 1.10 | [ |
MoNbTaV | BCC | 4947 | 1525 | 1869 | 1968 | 21 | 3.24 | 2.65 | 2.51 | 1.29 | [ |
MoNbTiV | BCC | 4319 | 1200 | 1501 | 1593 | 25.6 | 3.6 | 2.88 | 2.71 | 1.33 | [ |
NbTaTiV | BCC | 3113 | 965 | 1107 | - | > 50 | 3.23 | 3.07 | - | 1.05 | [ |
NbTaTiVW | BCC | 4380 | 1420 | 1748 | 1776 | 22 | 3.08 | 2.73 | 2.99 | 1.03 | [ |
NbTaVW | BCC | 4830 | 1530 | - | 1621 | 13 | 3.16 | - | 3.19 | 0.99 | [ |
AlCoCrCuFeNi | FCC + BCC | 5056 | 1515 | 1627 | 1638 | 20.7 | 3.34 | 3.11 | 3.09 | 1.08 | [ |
AlCoCrCuFeNi | FCC + BCC | 4629 | 1227 | 1404 | 1510 | 16 | 3.77 | 3.3 | 3.07 | 1.23 | [ |
AlCoCrFeMnNi | FCC + BCC | 6492 | - | - | 2142 | 8.3 | - | - | 3.03 | - | [ |
Al0.4Co0.25CrFeNi | FCC + BCC | 2013 | 522 | 603 | - | 75.1 | 3.86 | 3.34 | - | 1.16 | [ |
Al0.7Co0.3CrFeNi | FCC + BCC | 6119 | 2033 | - | 2453 | 8.1 | 3.01 | - | 2.49 | 1.21 | [ |
AlCoCrFeNi1.5 | FCC + BCC | 5135 | 1360 | 1930 | 2114 | 20.8 | 3.78 | 2.66 | 2.43 | 1.55 | [ |
AlCoCrFeNi1.8 | FCC + BCC | 3312 | 600 | 1129 | 1591 | 37.6 | 5.52 | 2.93 | 2.08 | 2.65 | [ |
AlCoCrFeNi2.1 | FCC + BCC | 2920 | 670 | 1047 | - | > 60 | 4.36 | 2.79 | - | 1.56 | [ |
AlCoCrFeNi2.4 | FCC + BCC | 2646 | 500 | 877 | 1446 | 42.5 | 5.29 | 3.02 | 1.83 | 2.89 | [ |
AlCoCrFeNi2.7 | FCC + BCC | 2548 | 470 | 780 | 1470 | 49.3 | 5.42 | 3.27 | 1.73 | 3.13 | [ |
AlCoCrFeNi3 | FCC + BCC | 2362 | 440 | 744 | 1364 | 44.7 | 5.37 | 3.17 | 1.73 | 3.1 | [ |
(Al7Co24Cr21Fe24Ni24)89Cr11 | FCC + BCC | 2942 | 456 | 812 | - | > 50 | 6.45 | 3.62 | - | 1.78 | [ |
(Al7Co24Cr21Fe24Ni24)80Cr20 | FCC + BCC | 4119 | 998 | 1302 | 1191 | 29.5 | 4.13 | 3.16 | 3.46 | 1.19 | [ |
(Al7Co24Cr21Fe24Ni24)74Cr26 | FCC + BCC | 5002 | 1649 | 2024 | 2233 | 24.9 | 3.03 | 2.47 | 2.24 | 1.35 | [ |
Al0.5CoCrFeNiTi0.5 | FCC + BCC | 5227 | 1709 | - | 1977 | 13.5 | 3.06 | - | 2.64 | 1.16 | [ |
Al0.5CoCrFeNiTi0.5 | FCC + BCC | 5104 | 1100 | 1612 | 1699 | 27.5 | 4.64 | 3.17 | 3.00 | 1.54 | [ |
Al0.8CoCrFeNiTi0.2 | FCC + BCC | 4635 | 968 | 1598 | 1780 | 30.1 | 4.79 | 2.90 | 2.60 | 1.84 | [ |
Al0.5CoCrFeNiV | FCC + BCC | 6217 | - | - | 1761 | 8.2 | - | - | 3.53 | - | [ |
AlCoCuFeMnNi | FCC + BCC | 4394 | 1317 | - | 1723 | 12.8 | 3.33 | - | 2.57 | 1.31 | [ |
AlCoCuFeNi | FCC + BCC | 5259 | 1134 | - | 1330 | 9 | 4.64 | - | 3.95 | 1.17 | [ |
AlCoCuFeNi | FCC + BCC | 5211 | 1210 | - | 1330 | 8.7 | 4.31 | - | 3.91 | 1.1 | [ |
AlCoCuFeNiSi | FCC + BCC | 6673 | 1712 | - | 1930 | 10 | 3.90 | - | 3.46 | 1.13 | [ |
AlCoCuFeNiTi | FCC + BCC | 6132 | 1366 | - | 1660 | 11 | 4.49 | - | 3.69 | 1.22 | [ |
Al0.5CoFeNi | FCC + BCC | 1999 | 343 | 563 | - | > 50 | 5.83 | 3.55 | - | 1.64 | [ |
Al0.6CoFeNi | FCC + BCC | 6541 | 2200 | - | 2322 | 6.2 | 2.97 | - | 2.82 | 1.06 | [ |
Al0.75CoFeNi | FCC + BCC | 3731 | 786 | 1435 | 1955 | 31.2 | 4.75 | 2.6 | 1.90 | 2.49 | [ |
Al0.6CoFeNiTi0.4 | FCC + BCC | 6982 | 2732 | - | 2915 | 10.1 | 2.56 | 2.4 | 1.07 | [ | |
CoCrFeMnNiV0. 5 | FCC + IM | 2695 | 620 | 904 | - | > 75 | 4.35 | 2.98 | - | 1.46 | [ |
CoCrFeMnNiV0.75 | FCC + IM | 3724 | 740 | - | 1248 | 7.8 | 5.03 | - | 2.99 | 1.69 | [ |
CoCrFeMnNiV | FCC + IM | 6233 | 1660 | - | 1845 | 0.5 | 3.75 | - | 3.38 | 1.12 | [ |
CoCrFeMnNiV | FCC + IM | 6239 | 1660 | - | 1845 | 0.5 | 3.76 | - | 3.38 | 1.11 | [ |
CoCrFeMo0.5Ni | FCC + IM | 3128 | 510 | 1017 | 1371 | 33 | 6.13 | 3.07 | 2.28 | 2.69 | [ |
CoCrFeMo0.85Ni | FCC + IM | 4119 | 929 | - | 1441 | 21 | 4.43 | - | 2.86 | 1.55 | [ |
Co0.5CrFeNiTi0.5 | FCC + IM | 8460 | 2650 | - | 2690 | 10 | 3.19 | - | 3.14 | 1.02 | [ |
CoCrFeNiV | FCC + IM | 5758 | 1435 | - | 1656 | 2.5 | 4.01 | - | 3.48 | 1.15 | [ |
CoCrFeNiV | FCC + IM | 4770 | 1176 | - | 1572 | 9.7 | 4.06 | - | 3.03 | 1.34 | [ |
CoFeMo0.2NiV | FCC + IM | 2621 | 687 | 748 | - | > 80 | 3.82 | 3.50 | - | 1.09 | [ |
CoFeMo0.4NiV | FCC + IM | 3947 | 1000 | 1432 | 1649 | 25 | 3.95 | 2.76 | 2.39 | 1.65 | [ |
CoFeMo0.6NiV | FCC + IM | 5459 | 1589 | - | 2038 | < 5 | 3.44 | - | 2.68 | 1.28 | [ |
CoFeMo0.8NiV | FCC + IM | 5939 | 1770 | - | 2164 | < 5 | 3.36 | - | 2.75 | 1.22 | [ |
CoFeMoNiV | FCC + IM | 6121 | 1963 | - | 1963 | < 5 | 3.12 | - | 3.12 | 1 | [ |
CoFeMoNi1.2 V | FCC + IM | 5900 | 1971 | - | 1847 | 8.3 | 2.99 | - | 3.19 | 0.94 | [ |
CoFeMoNi1.4 V | FCC + IM | 5268 | 1505 | - | 1756 | 8.9 | 3.50 | - | 3 | 1.17 | [ |
CoFeMoNi1.6 V | FCC + IM | 5010 | 1443 | - | 1770 | 8.7 | 3.47 | - | 2.83 | 1.23 | [ |
CoFeMoNi1.8 V | FCC + IM | 5001 | 1330 | - | 1797 | 10.3 | 3.76 | - | 2.78 | 1.35 | [ |
CoFeNiSi0.5 | FCC + IM | 2759 | 472 | 925 | 1388 | 44 | 5.85 | 2.98 | 1.99 | 2.94 | [ |
CoFeNiSi0.75 | FCC + IM | 5566 | 1297 | - | 1906 | 2.9 | 4.29 | - | 2.92 | 1.47 | [ |
Al2CoCrFeNiV | BCC + IM | 6393 | - | - | 1802 | 4.3 | - | - | 3.55 | - | [ |
AlCrFeMo0.8Ni | BCC + IM | 8376 | - | - | 1512 | 0 | - | - | 5.54 | - | [ |
CrFeMoNbV | BCC + IM | 8100 | 2663 | - | 2615 | 2.7 | 3.04 | - | 3.10 | 0.98 | [ |
CrMo0.5NbTiV | BCC + IM | 5080 | 1610 | - | 1628 | 6.4 | 3.16 | - | 3.12 | 1.01 | [ |
Cr1.5Mo0.5NbTiV | BCC + IM | 5678 | 1897 | - | 1892 | 4.5 | 2.99 | - | 3.00 | 0.99 | [ |
Cr2Mo0.5NbTiV | BCC + IM | 6541 | 2311 | - | 2285 | 3.3 | 2.83 | - | 2.86 | 0.99 | [ |
CrNbTiVZr | BCC + IM | 4720 | - | - | 1298 | 3 | - | - | 3.64 | - | [ |
CrNbTiZr | BCC + IM | 4099 | - | - | 1260 | 6 | - | - | 3.25 | - | [ |
HfNbSi0.5TiV | BCC + IM | 4802 | 1399 | - | 1465 | 10.9 | 3.43 | - | 3.28 | 1.05 | [ |
Al0.5CoCrFeMo0.2Ni | FCC + BCC + IM | 2785 | 556 | 1110 | 1357 | 34 | 5.01 | 2.51 | 2.05 | 2.44 | [ |
Al0.5CoCrFeMo0.3Ni | FCC + BCC + IM | 3325 | 814 | 1282 | 1529 | 31 | 4.08 | 2.59 | 2.17 | 1.88 | [ |
Al0.5CoCrFeMo0.4Ni | FCC + BCC + IM | 4286 | 1091 | 1664 | 1810 | 18 | 3.93 | 2.58 | 2.37 | 1.66 | [ |
Al0.5CoCrFeMo0.5Ni | FCC + BCC + IM | 5570 | 1544 | - | 2242 | 10 | 3.61 | - | 2.48 | 1.45 | [ |
Al0.5CoFeNiTi0.5 | FCC + BCC + IM | 7188 | - | - | 2850 | 1.6 | - | - | 2.52 | - | [ |
AlCrCuFeNi0.6 | FCC + BCC + IM | 4848 | 1496 | - | 2025 | 2.87 | 3.24 | - | 2.39 | 1.35 | [ |
AlCrCuFeNi | FCC + BCC + IM | 4844 | 1496 | - | 1800 | 1.9 | 3.24 | - | 2.69 | 1.20 | [ |
AlCrCuFeNi1.2 | FCC + BCC + IM | 3998 | 1105 | - | 1298 | 1.4 | 3.62 | - | 3.08 | 1.17 | [ |
AlCrCuFeNi1.4 | FCC + BCC + IM | 3626 | 1265 | - | 1707 | 2.2 | 2.87 | - | 2.12 | 1.35 | [ |
Fig. 1 Vickers hardness of various HEAs as functions of tensile strengths a and compressive strengths b. The solid lines are plotted based on the three-time relation between hardness and strength
Fig. 5 Relations between compressive strengths and Vickers hardness for BCC HEAs: a σyc versus HV, b σf versus HV, c σ10 versus HV. The grey shadow in b, c and the cyan shadow in b cover the ductile HEAs with compressive fracture strain ≥ 20% and the brittle HEAs with compressive fracture strain < 20%, respectively
Fig. 6 Compressive strengths a and tensile strengths b of FCC HEAs and compressive strengths c and tensile strengths d of BCC HEAs as functions of Vickers hardness. The solid lines are plotted based on the three-time relation between hardness and strength
Fig. 8 Relations between compressive strengths and Vickers hardness for FCC + BCC dual-phase HEAs: a σyc versus HV, b σf versus HV, c σ10 versus HV. The grey shadow in a, c and the cyan shadow in a, b cover the ductile HEAs with compressive fracture strain ≥ 20% and brittle HEAs with compressive fracture strain < 20%, respectively
Fig. 10 Relations between compressive strengths and Vickers hardness for FCC + IM-DP HEAs: a σyc versus HV, b σf versus HV, c σ10 versus HV. The grey shadow in a-c and the cyan shadow in a, b cover the ductile HEAs with compressive fracture strain ≥ 20% and brittle HEAs with compressive fracture strain < 20%, respectively
Fig. 12 Compressive strengths a and tensile strengths b of FCC + BCC - DP HEAs and compressive strengths c and tensile strengths d of FCC + IM-DP HEAs and compressive strengths e of BCC + IM-DP HEAs as functions of Vickers hardness. The solid lines are plotted based on the three-time relation between hardness and strength
Fig. 13 Relations between compressive strengths and Vickers hardness for FCC + BCC + IM - TP HEAs: a σyc versus HV, b σf versus HV, c σ10 versus HV. The grey shadow in a-c and the cyan shadow in a, b cover the ductile HEAs with compressive fracture strain ≥ 20% and brittle HEAs with compressive fracture strain < 20%, respectively
Phase | Tension | Compression | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HV/σy | HV/σUTS | HV/σyc | HV/σ10 | HV/σf | ||||
FCC | - | 3 ± 0.29 ($\delta \ge 10\mathrm{\%}$) | - | - | 3 ± 0.32 (${\varepsilon }_{\mathrm{f}}\ge 20\mathrm{\%}$) | - | - | |
BCC | 3 ± 0.47 ($\delta \ge 10\mathrm{\%}$) | 3 ± 0.27 ($\delta \ge 10\mathrm{\%}$) | ≫3 ($\delta =0$) | 3 ± 0.65(${\varepsilon }_{\mathrm{f}}<20\mathrm{\%}$) | 3 ± 0.31 (${\varepsilon }_{\mathrm{f}}\ge 20\mathrm{\%}$) | 3 ± 0.40 (${\varepsilon }_{\mathrm{f}}<20\mathrm{\%}$) | - | |
FCC + BCC | - | 3 ± 0.23 ($\delta \ge 10\mathrm{\%}$) | > 3 ($\delta <10\%$) | - | 3 ± 0.34 (${\varepsilon }_{\mathrm{f}}\ge 20\mathrm{\%}$) | 3 ± 0.54 (${\varepsilon }_{\mathrm{f}}<20\mathrm{\%}$) | - | |
FCC + IM | - | - | > 3 ($\delta <10\%$) | - | 3 ± 0.25 (${\varepsilon }_{\mathrm{f}}\ge 20\mathrm{\%}$) | 3 ± 0.24 (${\varepsilon }_{\mathrm{f}}<20\mathrm{\%}$) | - | |
BCC + IM | - | - | 3 ± 0.22 (${\varepsilon }_{\mathrm{f}}<20\mathrm{\%}$) | - | 3 ± 0.33 (${\varepsilon }_{\mathrm{f}}<20\mathrm{\%}$) | > 3 (${\varepsilon }_{\mathrm{f}}=0$) | ||
FCC + BCC + IM | - | - | 3 ± 0.42 (${\varepsilon }_{\mathrm{f}}<20\mathrm{\%}$) | 3 ± 0.44 (${\varepsilon }_{\mathrm{f}}\ge 20\mathrm{\%}$) | 3 ± 0.54 (${\varepsilon }_{\mathrm{f}}<20\mathrm{\%}$) | - |
Table 3 Relations between strength and hardness of various HEAs
Phase | Tension | Compression | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HV/σy | HV/σUTS | HV/σyc | HV/σ10 | HV/σf | ||||
FCC | - | 3 ± 0.29 ($\delta \ge 10\mathrm{\%}$) | - | - | 3 ± 0.32 (${\varepsilon }_{\mathrm{f}}\ge 20\mathrm{\%}$) | - | - | |
BCC | 3 ± 0.47 ($\delta \ge 10\mathrm{\%}$) | 3 ± 0.27 ($\delta \ge 10\mathrm{\%}$) | ≫3 ($\delta =0$) | 3 ± 0.65(${\varepsilon }_{\mathrm{f}}<20\mathrm{\%}$) | 3 ± 0.31 (${\varepsilon }_{\mathrm{f}}\ge 20\mathrm{\%}$) | 3 ± 0.40 (${\varepsilon }_{\mathrm{f}}<20\mathrm{\%}$) | - | |
FCC + BCC | - | 3 ± 0.23 ($\delta \ge 10\mathrm{\%}$) | > 3 ($\delta <10\%$) | - | 3 ± 0.34 (${\varepsilon }_{\mathrm{f}}\ge 20\mathrm{\%}$) | 3 ± 0.54 (${\varepsilon }_{\mathrm{f}}<20\mathrm{\%}$) | - | |
FCC + IM | - | - | > 3 ($\delta <10\%$) | - | 3 ± 0.25 (${\varepsilon }_{\mathrm{f}}\ge 20\mathrm{\%}$) | 3 ± 0.24 (${\varepsilon }_{\mathrm{f}}<20\mathrm{\%}$) | - | |
BCC + IM | - | - | 3 ± 0.22 (${\varepsilon }_{\mathrm{f}}<20\mathrm{\%}$) | - | 3 ± 0.33 (${\varepsilon }_{\mathrm{f}}<20\mathrm{\%}$) | > 3 (${\varepsilon }_{\mathrm{f}}=0$) | ||
FCC + BCC + IM | - | - | 3 ± 0.42 (${\varepsilon }_{\mathrm{f}}<20\mathrm{\%}$) | 3 ± 0.44 (${\varepsilon }_{\mathrm{f}}\ge 20\mathrm{\%}$) | 3 ± 0.54 (${\varepsilon }_{\mathrm{f}}<20\mathrm{\%}$) | - |
Fig. 14 Effects of plasticity and work-hardening ability on hardness-to-strength ratio of various HEAs. a, b Ratios of hardness to tensile strengths as functions of a tensile elongation and b tensile ultimate-to-yield strength ratio, respectively. c, d Ratios of hardness to compressive strengths as functions of c compressive fracture strain, d Rc (or Rc10), respectively
[1] |
J.W. Yeh, S.K. Chen, S.J. Lin, J.Y. Gan, T.S. Chin, T.T. Shun, C.H. Tsau, S.Y. Chang, Adv. Eng. Mater. 6, 299 (2004)
DOI URL |
[2] | B. Cantor, I.T.H. Chang, P. Knight, A.J.B. Vincent, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 375, 213 (2004) |
[3] |
J.W. Yeh, S.Y. Chang, Y.D. Hong, S.K. Chen, S.J. Lin, Mater. Chem. Phys. 103, 41 (2007)
DOI URL |
[4] |
O.N. Senkov, G.B. Wilks, D.B. Miracle, C.P. Chuang, P.K. Liaw, Intermetallics 18, 1758 (2010)
DOI URL |
[5] |
D.B. Miracle, O.N. Senkov, Acta Mater. 122, 448 (2017)
DOI URL |
[6] |
M.Y. Li, Q. Zhang, B. Han, L.X. Song, J.L. Li, J. Yang, J. Alloys Compd. 816, 152626 (2020)
DOI URL |
[7] |
G.A. Salishchev, M.A. Tikhonovsky, D.G. Shaysultanov, N.D. Stepanov, A.V. Kuznetsov, I.V. Kolodiy, A.S. Tortika, O.N. Sen-kov, J. Alloys Compd. 591, 11 (2014)
DOI URL |
[8] |
Y.X. Zhuang, X.L. Zhang, X.Y. Gu, J. Alloys Compd. 743, 514 (2018)
DOI URL |
[9] |
Y. Dong, Y.P. Lu, J.R. Kong, J.J. Zhang, T.J. Li, J. Alloys Compd. 573, 96 (2013)
DOI URL |
[10] |
F. Otto, A. Dlouhy, C. Somsen, H. Bei, G. Eggeler, E.P. George, Acta Mater. 61, 5743 (2013)
DOI URL |
[11] |
Z. Wu, H. Bei, G.M. Pharr, E.P. George, Acta Mater. 81, 428 (2014)
DOI URL |
[12] |
B. Gludovatz, A. Hohenwarter, D. Catoor, E.H. Chang, E.P. George, R.O. Ritchie, Science 345, 1153 (2014)
DOI PMID |
[13] |
D.Y. Li, Y. Zhang, Intermetallics 70, 24 (2016)
DOI URL |
[14] |
S.Q. Xia, M.C. Gao, Y. Zhang, Mater. Chem. Phys. 210, 213 (2018)
DOI URL |
[15] |
P.P. Li, A.D. Wang, C.T. Liu, Intermetallics 87, 21 (2017)
DOI URL |
[16] |
S. Sheikh, S. Shafeie, Q. Hu, J. Ahlstrom, C. Persson, J. Vesely, J. Zyka, U. Klement, S. Guo, J. Appl. Phys. 120, 164902 (2016)
DOI URL |
[17] |
O.N. Senkov, J.M. Scott, S.V. Senkova, F. Meisenkothen, D.B. Miracle, C.F. Woodward, J. Mater. Sci. 47, 4062 (2012)
DOI URL |
[18] |
B. Gorr, M. Azim, H.J. Christ, T. Mueller, D. Schliephake, M. Heilmaier, J. Alloys Compd. 624, 270 (2015)
DOI URL |
[19] |
Y. Lu, Y. Dong, S. Guo, L. Jiang, H. Kang, T. Wang, B. Wen, Z. Wang, J. Jie, Z. Cao, H. Ruan, T. Li, Sci. Rep. 4, 6200 (2014)
DOI URL |
[20] |
M.H. Chuang, M.H. Tsai, W.R. Wang, S.J. Lin, J.W. Yeh, Acta Mater. 59, 6308 (2011)
DOI URL |
[21] |
C.Y. Hsu, C.C. Juan, W.R. Wang, T.S. Sheu, J.W. Yeh, S.K. Chen, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 528, 3581 (2011)
DOI URL |
[22] |
D. Kumar, V.K. Sharma, Y.V.S.S. Prasad, V. Kumar, J. Mater. Res. 34, 767 (2019)
DOI URL |
[23] | Y. Zhou, X. Jin, X.Y. Du, L. Zhang, B.S. Li, Mater. Sci. Tech-nol. 34, 988 (2018) |
[24] |
R.F. Bishop, N.F. Mott, Proc. Phys. Soc. London 57, 147 (1945)
DOI URL |
[25] |
K. Johnson, J. Mech. Phys. Solids 18, 115 (1970)
DOI URL |
[26] | D. Tabor, The Hardness of Metals (Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1951). |
[27] | M.F. Ashby, D.R.H. Jones, Jones, Engineering Materials (Pergamon, Oxford, 1980). |
[28] | M.A. Meyers, K.K. Chawla, Mechanical Behavior of Materials (Cambridge University Press, New York, 2008). |
[29] |
H.Q. Li, F. Ebrahimi, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 347, 93 (2003)
DOI URL |
[30] |
L. Lu, R. Schwaiger, Z.W. Shan, M. Dao, K. Lu, S. Suresh, Acta Mater. 53, 2169 (2005)
DOI URL |
[31] | P.G. Sanders, C.J. Youngdahl, J.R. Weertman, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 234, 77 (1997) |
[32] |
P. Zhang, S.X. Li, Z.F. Zhang, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 529, 62 (2011)
DOI URL |
[33] | M. Bauccio (ed.), ASM Metals Reference Book, 3rd Edition, (ASM international, Materials Park, OH, 1993) |
[34] |
J. Cahoon, Metall. Mater. Trans. B 3, 3040 (1972)
DOI URL |
[35] | J. Cahoon, W. Broughton, A. Kutzak, Metall. Trans. 2, 1979 (1971) |
[36] | C.Y. Hsu, J. Nucl. Mater. 141, 518 (1986) |
[37] |
H. Chen, Rep. Prog. Phys. 43, 353 (1980)
DOI URL |
[38] |
A. Inoue, B. Shen, C. Chang, Acta Mater. 52, 4093 (2004)
DOI URL |
[39] |
A. Inoue, B.L. Shen, A.R. Yavari, A.L. Greer, J. Mater. Res. 18, 1487 (2003)
DOI URL |
[40] |
A. Inoue, S. Sobu, D.V. Louzguine, H. Kimura, K. Sasamori, J. Mater. Res. 19, 1539 (2004)
DOI URL |
[41] |
L. Qi, D.C. Chrzan, Phys. Rev. Lett. 112, 115503 (2014)
DOI URL |
[42] |
J.Y. He, W.H. Liu, H. Wang, Y. Wu, X.J. Liu, T.G. Nieh, Z.P. Lu, Acta Mater. 62, 105 (2014)
DOI URL |
[43] |
P. Cheng, Y. Zhao, X. Xu, S. Wang, Y. Sun, H. Hou, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 772, 138681 (2020)
DOI URL |
[44] |
Z.G. Zhu, K.H. Ma, Q. Wang, C.H. Shek, Intermetallics 79, 1 (2016)
DOI URL |
[45] |
P. Bala, K. Gorecki, W. Bednarczyk, M. Watroba, S. Lech, J. Katu-alko, J. Mater. Res. Technol. 9, 551 (2020)
DOI URL |
[46] |
L.B. Chen, R. Wei, K. Tang, J. Zhang, F. Jiang, L. He, J. Sun, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 716, 150 (2018)
DOI URL |
[47] |
Z.G. Zhu, K.H. Ma, X. Yang, C.H. Shek, J. Alloys Compd. 695, 2945 (2017)
DOI URL |
[48] |
T.-T. Shun, C.-H. Ma, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 763, 138181 (2019)
DOI URL |
[49] |
T.T. Xu, Y.P. Lu, Z.Q. Cao, T.M. Wang, T.J. Li, J. Mater. Eng. Perform. 28, 7642 (2019)
DOI URL |
[50] |
C. Chen, S. Pang, Y. Cheng, T. Zhang, J. Alloys Compd. 659, 279 (2016)
DOI URL |
[51] |
J. Zyka, J. Malek, J. Vesely, F. Lukac, J. Cizek, J. Kuriplach, O. Melikhova, Entropy 21, 114 (2019)
DOI URL |
[52] |
R. Sokkalingam, S. Mishra, S.R. Cheethirala, V. Muthupandi, K. Sivaprasad, Metall. Mater. Trans. A 48, 3630 (2017)
DOI URL |
[53] |
L. Liu, J.B. Zhu, L. Li, J.C. Li, Q. Jiang, Mater. Des. 44, 223 (2013)
DOI URL |
[54] |
S. Kumar, A. Patnaik, A.K. Pradhan, V. Kumar, J. Mater. Eng. Perform. 28, 4111 (2019)
DOI URL |
[55] |
M. Zhang, L. Zhang, J. Fan, G. Li, P.K. Liaw, R. Liu, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 733, 299 (2018)
DOI URL |
[56] | Y. Dong, Y. Lu, Mater. Sci. Forum 42, 775 (2013) |
[57] |
N.D. Stepanov, D.G. Shaysultanov, G.A. Salishchev, M.A. Tik-honovsky, E.E. Oleynik, A.S. Tortika, O.N. Senkov, J. Alloys Compd. 628, 170 (2015)
DOI URL |
[58] |
T.T. Zuo, R.B. Li, X.J. Ren, Y. Zhang, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 371, 60 (2014)
DOI URL |
[59] |
L. Jiang, Z.Q. Cao, J.C. Jie, J.J. Zhang, Y.P. Lu, T.M. Wang, T.J. Li, J. Alloys Compd. 649, 585 (2015)
DOI URL |
[60] |
L.G. Cao, X.H. Wang, Y.M. Wang, L.L. Zhang, Y. Yang, F.B. Liu, Y. Cui, Appl. Phys. A Mater. 125, 699 (2019)
DOI URL |
[61] |
S.G. Ma, Y. Zhang, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 532, 480 (2012)
DOI URL |
[62] |
Y. Dong, K. Zhou, Y. Lu, X. Gao, T. Wang, T. Li, Mater. Des. 57, 67 (2014)
DOI URL |
[63] |
X.L. Ding, Y.Z. Zhan, H.Q. Tang, JOM 71, 3473 (2019)
DOI URL |
[64] |
C.M. Lin, C.C. Juan, C.H. Chang, C.W. Tsai, J.W. Yeh, J. Alloys Compd. 624, 100 (2015)
DOI URL |
[65] |
O.N. Senkov, S.V. Senkova, C. Woodward, Acta Mater. 68, 214 (2014)
DOI URL |
[66] |
O.N. Senkov, C. Woodward, D.B. Miracle, JOM 66, 2030 (2014)
DOI URL |
[67] |
S.Y. Chen, X. Yang, K.A. Dahmen, P.K. Liaw, Y. Zhang, Entropy 16, 870 (2014)
DOI URL |
[68] |
N.D. Stepanov, D.G. Shaysultanov, G.A. Salishchev, M.A. Tik-honovsky, Mater. Lett. 142, 153 (2015)
DOI URL |
[69] |
C.C. Juan, K.K. Tseng, W.L. Hsu, M.H. Tsai, C.W. Tsai, C.M. Lin, S.K. Chen, S.J. Lin, J.W. Yeh, Mater. Lett. 175, 284 (2016)
DOI URL |
[70] |
C.C. Juan, M.H. Tsai, C.W. Tsai, C.M. Lin, W.R. Wang, C.C. Yang, S.K. Chen, S.J. Lin, J.W. Yeh, Intermetallics 62, 76 (2015)
DOI URL |
[71] |
O.N. Senkov, J.M. Scott, S.V. Senkova, D.B. Miracle, C.F. Wood-ward, J. Alloys Compd. 509, 6043 (2011)
DOI URL |
[72] |
S. Maiti, W. Steurer, Acta Mater. 106, 87 (2016)
DOI URL |
[73] |
H. Yao, J.-W. Qiao, M. Gao, J. Hawk, S.-G. Ma, H. Zhou, Entropy 18, 189 (2016)
DOI URL |
[74] |
H.W. Yao, J.W. Qiao, M.C. Gao, J.A. Hawk, S.G. Ma, H.F. Zhou, Y. Zhang, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 674, 203 (2016)
DOI URL |
[75] |
K.B. Zhang, Z.Y. Fu, J.Y. Zhang, J. Shi, W.M. Wang, H. Wang, Y.C. Wang, Q.J. Zhang, J. Alloys Compd. 502, 295 (2010)
DOI URL |
[76] |
Y.X. Zhuang, W.J. Liu, Z.Y. Chen, H.D. Xue, J.C. He, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 556, 395 (2012)
DOI URL |
[77] |
C. Wang, W. Ji, Z.Y. Fu, Adv. Powder Technol. 25, 1334 (2014)
DOI URL |
[78] |
W. Chen, Z. Fu, S. Fang, H. Xiao, D. Zhu, Mater. Des. 51, 854 (2013)
DOI URL |
[79] |
S.Y. Jiang, Z.F. Lin, H.M. Xu, Y.X. Sun, J. Alloys Compd. 741, 826 (2018)
DOI URL |
[80] | G. Cakmak, Adv. Mater. Sci. Eng. 2017, 1950196 (2017) |
[81] |
Y.X. Zhuang, H.D. Xue, Z.Y. Chen, Z.Y. Hu, J.C. He, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 572, 30 (2013)
DOI URL |
[82] |
Z.Q. Fu, W.P. Chen, Z. Chen, H.M. Wen, E.J. Lavernia, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 619, 137 (2014)
DOI URL |
[83] |
W.P. Chen, Z.Q. Fu, S.C. Fang, Y.P. Wang, H.Q. Xiao, D.Z. Zhu, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 565, 439 (2013)
DOI URL |
[84] |
T.T. Shun, L.Y. Chang, M.H. Shiu, Mater. Charact. 70, 63 (2012)
DOI URL |
[85] |
Z. Fu, W. Chen, H. Xiao, L. Zhou, D. Zhu, S. Yang, Mater. Des. 44, 535 (2013)
DOI URL |
[86] | C. Xiang, Z.M. Zhang, H.M. Fu, E.H. Han, J.Q. Wang, H.F. Zhang, G.D. Hu, Acta Metall. Sin. -Engl. Lett. 32, 1053 (2019) |
[87] |
C. Xiang, H.M. Fu, Z.M. Zhang, E.H. Han, H.F. Zhang, J.Q. Wang, G.D. Hu, J. Alloys Compd. 818, 153352 (2020)
DOI URL |
[88] |
O.N. Senkov, S.V. Senkova, D.B. Miracle, C. Woodward, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 565, 51 (2013)
DOI URL |
[89] |
Y. Zhang, Y. Liu, Y.X. Li, X. Chen, H.W. Zhang, Mater. Lett. 174, 82 (2016)
DOI URL |
[90] |
Z.Q. Fu, W.P. Chen, S.C. Fang, X.M. Li, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 597, 204 (2014)
DOI URL |
[91] |
P. Jinhong, P. Ye, Z. Hui, Z. Lu, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 534, 228 (2012)
DOI URL |
[92] |
O.N. Senkov, A.L. Pilchak, S.L. Semiatin, Metall. Mater. Trans. A 49, 2876 (2018)
DOI URL |
[93] | C. Yang, J. Zhang, M. Li, X. Liu, Acta Metall. Sin. -Engl. Lett. 33, 1124 (2020) |
[94] |
J.Y. He, H. Wang, H.L. Huang, X.D. Xu, M.W. Chen, Y. Wu, X.J. Liu, T.G. Nieh, K. An, Z.P. Lu, Acta Mater. 102, 187 (2016)
DOI URL |
[95] | H. Jiang, T.D. Huang, C. Su, H.B. Zhang, K.M. Han, S.X. Qin, Acta Metall. Sin. -Engl. Lett. 33, 1117 (2020) |
[96] |
R.O. Ritchie, Nat. Mater. 10, 817 (2011)
DOI PMID |
[97] |
O.N. Senkov, G.B. Wilks, J.M. Scott, D.B. Miracle, Intermetallics 19, 698 (2011)
DOI URL |
[98] |
S.J. Wu, X.D. Wang, J.T. Lu, R.T. Qu, Z.F. Zhang, Adv. Eng. Mater. 20, 1800028 (2018)
DOI URL |
[1] | Shaoheng Sun, Yun Zhang, Zhiyong Xue, Jiankun Lin, Xiaohua Chen. Deformation Mechanism in Fe61Mn18Si11Cr10 Medium Entropy Alloy Under Different Strain Rates [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2021, 34(8): 1109-1119. |
[2] | Xuan Huang, Yong Dong, Shaomu Lu, Chuanqiang Li, Zhengrong Zhang. Effects of Homogenized Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of AlCoCrFeNi2.2 Near-Eutectic High-Entropy Alloy [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2021, 34(8): 1079-1086. |
[3] | Yingying Shen, Qing Jia, Xu Zhang, Ronghua Liu, Yumin Wang, Yuyou Cui, Rui Yang. Tensile Behavior of SiC Fiber-Reinforced γ-TiAl Composites Prepared by Suction Casting [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2021, 34(7): 932-942. |
[4] | Yi-Shuang Yu, Zhi-Quan Wang, Bin-Bin Wu, Jing-Xiao Zhao, Xue-Lin Wang, Hui Guo, Cheng-Jia Shang. Tailoring Variant Pairing to Enhance Impact Toughness in High-Strength Low-Alloy Steels via Trace Carbon Addition [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2021, 34(6): 755-764. |
[5] | Chunni Jia, Gang Shen, Wenxiong Chen, Baojia Hu, Chengwu Zheng, Dianzhong Li. Mesoscopic Analysis of Deformation Heterogeneity and Recrystallization Microstructures of a Dual-Phase Steel Using a Coupled Simulation Approach [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2021, 34(6): 777-788. |
[6] | Ling-Yang Yuan, Pan-Wen Han, Ghulam Asghar, Bao-Liang Liu, Jin-Ping Li, Bin Hu, Peng-Huai Fu, Li-Ming Peng. Development of High Strength and Toughness Non-Heated Al-Mg-Si Alloys for High-Pressure Die-Casting [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2021, 34(6): 845-860. |
[7] | Binhan Sun, Dong Wang, Xu Lu, Di Wan, Dirk Ponge, Xiancheng Zhang. Current Challenges and Opportunities Toward Understanding Hydrogen Embrittlement Mechanisms in Advanced High-Strength Steels: A Review [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2021, 34(6): 741-754. |
[8] | Jian Han, Jun Wang, Sunusi Marwana Manladan, Yangchuan Cai, Qian Wang, Zhixiong Zhu, Lisong Zhu, Lianzhong Lu, Zhengyi Jiang. Effect of Lüders Bands by Strain Ageing on Strain Distribution, Microstructure and Texture Evolution of High-Strength Pipe Steel [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2021, 34(5): 657-667. |
[9] | Xiaohui Xi, Jinliang Wang, Liqing Chen, Zhaodong Wang. On the Microstructural Strengthening and Toughening of Heat-Affected Zone in a Low-Carbon High-Strength Cu-Bearing Steel [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2021, 34(5): 617-627. |
[10] | Xiangpeng Gong, Shifang Luo, Shiyong Li, Cuilan Wu. Dislocation-Induced Precipitation and Its Strengthening of Al-Cu-Li-Mg Alloys with High Mg [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2021, 34(5): 597-605. |
[11] | Chenliang Chu, Weiping Chen, Zhen Chen, Zhenfei Jiang, Hao Wang, Zhiqiang Fu. Microstructure and Mechanical Behavior of FeNiCoCr and FeNiCoCrMn High-Entropy Alloys Fabricated by Powder Metallurgy [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2021, 34(4): 445-454. |
[12] | Hui Xiao, Yu Liu, Kai Wang, Zhipeng Wang, Te Hu, Touwen Fan, Li Ma, Pingying Tang. Effects of Mn Content on Mechanical Properties of FeCoCrNiMnx (0≤x≤0.3) High-Entropy Alloys: A First-Principles Study [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2021, 34(4): 455-464. |
[13] | Ibrahim Ondicho, Bernard Alunda, Fredrick Madaraka, Melody Chepkoech. Effect of Bimodal Grain Size Distribution on the Strain Hardening Behavior of a Medium-Entropy Alloy [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2021, 34(4): 465-475. |
[14] | Y. R. Ma, H. J. Yang, D. D. Ben, X. H. Shao, Y. Z. Tian, Q. Wang, Z. F. Zhang. Anisotropic Electroplastic Effects on the Mechanical Properties of a Nano-Lamellar Austenitic Stainless Steel [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2021, 34(4): 534-542. |
[15] | Hongchi Ma, Baijie Zhao, Yi Fan, Kui Xiao, Jinbin Zhao, Xuequn Cheng, Xiaogang Li. Simultaneously Improving Mechanical Properties and Stress Corrosion Cracking Resistance of High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel via Finish Rolling within Non-recrystallization Temperature [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2021, 34(4): 565-578. |
Viewed | ||||||
Full text |
|
|||||
Abstract |
|
|||||