Effect of Interfacial Microstructure on Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Cu/WS2 Self-lubricating Composites Sintered by Spark Plasma Sintering

doi:10.1007/s40195-020-01187-w

Abstract

Abstract:

In this study, Cu/WS₂self-lubricating composites are fabricated by spark plasma sintering. Interfacial microstructure and its effect on mechanical and tribological properties are investigated. High sintering temperature at 850 °C promotes decomposition of WS₂ and its following interfacial reaction with Cu to form Cu_0.4W_0.6 nanoparticles and Cu₂S, enhancing mechanical properties as well as wear resistance of the composites. But the destruction of WS₂ leads to a high friction coefficient. On the contrary, for the composites sintered at 750 °C, a nanoscale diffusion zone forms at the Cu/WS₂ interface. WS₂ lubricant retains its lamellar structure. The composite shows excellent self-lubrication performance, with a low friction coefficient of 0.16. However, its mechanical properties are low, and the wear rate is one magnitude higher.

Key words: Self-lubricating composites, Interfacial microstructure, Wear, Fracture

Zhitao Yu, Minghui Chen, Qunchang Wang, Xiaolan Wang, Fuhui Wang. Effect of Interfacial Microstructure on Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Cu/WS₂ Self-lubricating Composites Sintered by Spark Plasma Sintering[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2021, 34(7): 913-924.

Figures/Tables 11

Fig. 1 XRD patterns of CW@750, CW@800 and CW@850 composites

Fig. 2 SEM images of the Cu/WS2 composites: a, b CW@750, c, dCW@800, e, f CW@850

Fig. 3 Relative density of the Cu/WS2 composite as a function of sintering temperature

Fig. 4 Microstructures and EPMA elements distribution of the Cu/WS2 composites: a CW@750, b CW@850

Table 1 EPMA quantitative compositional analysis (at%) at spots from I to IV in Fig. 4

Spot #	W	S	Cu
I	-	-	100
II	28.0	57.7	14.3
III	24.2	25.9	49.9
IV	0.1	33.5	66.4

Fig. 5 TEM images of Cu/WS2 composites: a bright-field image of the CW@750 composite, b HRTEM micrograph at zone “1” in (a), c bright-field image of the CW@850 composite, d HRTEM micrograph at zone “2” in (c)

Table 2 Mechanical properties of CW@750, CW@800 and CW@850 composites

Mechanical properties	CW@750	CW@800	CW@850
Micro-hardness (HV)	76.6	80.1	101.9
Bending strength (MPa)	209.0	213.7	292.5
Compression strength (MPa)	342.5	351.6	481.5

Fig. 6 Fracture surface morphologies of the Cu/WS2 composites: a CW@750, b CW@800, c CW@8503.3 Tribological Properties

Fig. 7 Tribological properties of the CW@750, CW@800 and CW@850 composites: a friction coefficient, b wear rate and average friction coefficient

Fig. 8 Wear surface morphologies of the Cu/WS2 composites: a CW@750, b CW@800, c CW@850

Fig. 9 Topography and cross-sectional morphologies of the composites at wear scar: a, c for CW@750, b, d for CW@850

References 32

[1]	Y. Watanabe , Wear 264, 624 (2008)
[2]	M.K.A. Ali, X.J. Hou, Tribol. Lett. 71, 67(2019)
[3]	X. Shi, Z. Xu, M. Wang, W. Zhai, Q. Zhang , Wear 303, 486 (2013)
[4]	T.R. Prabhu, M. Arivarasu, Y. Chodancar, N. Arivazhagan, G. Sumanth, R.K. Mishra , Tribol. Lett. 78, 67(2019)
[5]	J. Kovacik, S. Emmer, J. Bielek, L. Kelesi , Wear 265, 417 (2008)
[6]	K. Rajkumar, S. Aravindan , Tribol. Int. 57, 282(2013) DOI URL
[7]	X. Jiang, J. Song, Y. Su, Y. Zhang, L. Hu , Tribol. Lett. 66, 143(2018) DOI URL
[8]	K.P. Furlan, J.D.B. del Mello, A.N. Klein, Tribol. Int. 120, 280(2018) DOI URL
[9]	M.G. Mohammad, N. Aram , Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China 28, 946 (2018)
[10]	T. Li, D. Yi, J. Hu, J. Xu, J. Liu, B. Wang , J. Alloys Compd. 723, 345(2017) DOI URL
[11]	L. Rapoport, V. Leshchinsky, M. Lvovsky, O. Nepomnyashchy, Y. Volovik, R. Tenne , Wear 252, 518 (2002)
[12]	H. Cao, Z. Qian, L. Zhang, J. Xiao, K. Zhou , Tribol. Trans. 57, 1037(2014) DOI URL
[13]	S. Huang, Y. Feng, H. Liu, K. Ding, G. Qian , Mater. Sci. Eng. A 560, 685 (2013)
[14]	G. Qian, Y. Feng, Y. Chen, F. Mo, Y. Wang, W. Liu , Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China 25, 1986 (2015)
[15]	J. Zhou, C. Ma, X. Kang, L. Zhang, X. Liu , Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China 28, 1176 (2018)
[16]	J. Xiao, W. Zhang, C. Zhang, Wear 412-413, 109(2018)
[17]	Q. Wang, M. Chen, Z. Shan, C. Sui, L. Zhang, S. Zhu, F. Wang , J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 33, 1416(2017) DOI URL
[18]	Z. Hu, Z. Zhang, X. Cheng, F. Wang, Y. Zhang, S. Li , Mater. Des. 191, 108662(2020) DOI URL
[19]	L. Huang, L. Jiang, T.D. Topping, C. Dai, X. Wang, R. Carpenter, C. Haines, J.M. Schoenung , Acta Mater. 122, 19(2017) DOI URL
[20]	X. Wang, L. Jiang, D.L. Zhang, I.J. Beyerlein, S. Mahanjan, T.J. Rupert, E.J. Lavernia, J.M. Schoenung , Acta Mater. 146, 12(2018) DOI URL
[21]	F. Nazeer, Z. Ma, L.H. Gao, A. Malik, M.A. Khan, F.C. Wang, H.Z. Li , Mater. Sci. Technol. 35, 1770(2019) DOI URL
[22]	C. Yang, L.M. Kang, X.X. Li, W.W. Zhang, D.T. Zhang, Z.Q. Fu, Y.Y. Li, L.C. Zhang, E.J. Lavernia , Acta Mater. 132, 491(2017) DOI URL
[23]	X.N. Mu, H.N. Cai, H.M. Zhang, Q.B. Fan, Z.H. Zhang, Y. Wu, Y.X. Ge, D.D. Wang , Mater. Des. 140, 431(2018) DOI URL
[24]	W.J. Schutte, J.L. De Boer, F. Jellinek, J. Solid State Chem. 70, 207(1987) DOI URL
[25]	L. Feng, Z. Wang, Z. Liu , Solid State Commun. 187, 43(2014) DOI URL
[26]	U. Mizutani , Hume-Rothery Rules for Structurally Complex Alloy Phases (CSC Press, Boca Raton, 2010)
[27]	Z.A. Munir, U. Anselmi-Tamburini, M. Ohyanagi , J. Mater. Sci. 41, 763(2006) DOI URL
[28]	N. Chawake, P. Ghosh, L. Raman, A.K. Srivastav, T. Paul, S.P. Harimkar, J. Eckert, R.S. Kottada , Scr. Mater. 161, 36(2019) DOI URL
[29]	C. Yang, M.D. Zhu, X. Luo, L.H. Liu, W.W. Zhang, Y. Long, Z.Y. Xiao, Z.Q. Fu, L.C. Zhang, E.J. Lavernia , Scr. Mater. 139, 96(2017) DOI URL
[30]	X.X. Li, C. Yang, T. Chen, Z.Q. Fu, Y.Y. Li, O.M. Ivasishin, E.J. Lavernia , Scr. Mater. 151, 47(2018) DOI URL
[31]	Y. Liao, B. Zhang, M. Chen, J. Wang, S. Zhu, F. Wang , Corros. Sci. 167, 108526(2020) DOI URL
[32]	E. Selvi, Y. Ma, R. Aksoy, A. Ertas, A. White , J. Phys. Chem. Solids 67, 2183 ( 2006)

Effect of Interfacial Microstructure on Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Cu/WS₂ Self-lubricating Composites Sintered by Spark Plasma Sintering

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 11

References 32

Related Articles 15

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments

[1]	Yingying Shen, Qing Jia, Xu Zhang, Ronghua Liu, Yumin Wang, Yuyou Cui, Rui Yang. Tensile Behavior of SiC Fiber-Reinforced γ-TiAl Composites Prepared by Suction Casting [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2021, 34(7): 932-942.
[2]	Y. D. Liu, J. H. Liu, W. S. Gu, H. L. Li, W. H. Li, Z. L. Pei, J. Gong, C. Sun. Oxidation, Mechanical and Tribological Behaviors of the Ni/cBN Abrasive Coating-Coated Titanium Alloys [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2021, 34(7): 1007-1020.
[3]	Xuan Kong, Yang Liu, Minghui Chen, Tao Zhang, Fuhui Wang. High Temperature Oxidation and Tribological Behaviors of NiCrAl-Graphite Self-Lubricating Composites [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2021, 34(7): 900-912.
[4]	Liwen Tan, Zhongwei Wang, Yanlong Ma. Tribocorrosion Behavior and Degradation Mechanism of 316L Stainless Steel in Typical Corrosive Media [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2021, 34(6): 813-824.
[5]	Guang-Lei Wang, Jin-Lai Liu, Ji-De Liu, Yi-Zhou Zhou, Xu-Dong Sun, Hai-Feng Zhang, Xiao-Feng Sun. Effect of Orientation on Stress-Rupture Property and Related Deformation Microstructure of a Ni-Base Re-containing Single-Crystal Superalloy at 900 °C [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2021, 34(5): 719-728.
[6]	Jinling Lu, Zhenjiang Wang, Wei Wang, Kexuan Zhou, Feng He, Zhijun Wang. Superior Slurry Erosion Behavior of a Casting NiCoCrFeNb_0.45 Eutectic High Entropy Alloy [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2020, 33(8): 1111-1116.
[7]	Yunhai Su, Xuewei Liang, Yunqi Liu, Zhiyong Dai. Effect of Ti Addition on the Microstructure and Property of FeAlCuCrNiMo_0.6 High-Entropy Alloy [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2020, 33(7): 957-967.
[8]	Guang-Da Sun, Li Zhou, Ren-Xiao Zhang, Ling-Yun Luo, Hao Xu, Hong-Yun Zhao, Ning Guo, Di Zhang. Effect of Sleeve Plunge Depth on Interface/Mechanical Characteristics in Refill Friction Stir Spot Welded Joint [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2020, 33(4): 551-560.
[9]	Jin Hyuk Choi, Gobinda Gyawali, Dhani Ram Dhakal, Bhupendra Joshi, Soo Wohn Lee. Electrodeposited Ni-W-TiC Composite Coatings: Effect of TiC Reinforcement on Microstructural and Tribological Properties [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2020, 33(4): 573-582.
[10]	Ke Xu, Tao Fang, Longfei Zhao, Haichao Cui, Fenggui Lu. Effect of Trace Element on Microstructure and Fracture Toughness of Weld Metal [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2020, 33(3): 425-436.
[11]	Jie Liu, Shui-Sheng Zhu, Xin Deng, Jian-Ye Liu, Zhong-Ping Wang, Zhi Qu. Cutting Performance and Wear Behavior of AlTiN- and TiAlSiN-Coated Carbide Tools During Dry Milling of Ti-6Al-4V [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2020, 33(3): 459-470.
[12]	Hamid Ashrafi, Morteza Shamanian, Rahmatollah Emadi, Ehsan Ghassemali. Void Formation and Plastic Deformation Mechanism of a Cold-Rolled Dual-Phase Steel During Tension [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2020, 33(2): 299-306.
[13]	Mao-Kai Chen, Jun Xie, De-Long Shu, Gui-Chen Hou, Shu-Ling Xun, Jin-Jiang Yu, Li-Rong Liu, Xiao-Feng Sun, Yi-Zhou Zhou. Effect of Long-Term Thermal Exposures on Tensile Behaviors of K416B Nickel-Based Superalloy [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2020, 33(12): 1699-1708.
[14]	Hong-Qiang Zhang, Hai-Lin Bai, Qiang Jia, Wei Guo, Lei Liu, Gui-Sheng Zou. High Electrical and Thermal Conductivity of Nano-Ag Paste for Power Electronic Applications [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2020, 33(11): 1543-1555.
[15]	Manoj Kumar Pathak, Amit Joshi, K. K. S. Mer, R. Jayaganthan. Mechanical Properties and Microstructural Evolution of Bulk UFG Al 2014 Alloy Processed Through Cryorolling and Warm Rolling [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2019, 32(7): 845-856.