Thermally and Optical-Induced Effect on Optical and Electrical Parameters of Ag-Doped CdSe Thin Films

doi:10.1007/s40195-015-0236-6

Abstract

Abstract:

Thin films of Ag-doped CdSe are deposited on the glass substrates by thermal evaporation technique using inert gas condensation method. The elemental composition of the prepared thin film is confirmed by EDX spectra. SEM analysis reveals the uniform distribution of the grains over the substrate. TEM analysis reveals the spherical nature of nanoparticles having size in the range of 25-30 nm. X-ray diffraction study indicates an increase in the grain size after thermal annealing and the decrease in the grain size after light soaking treatment. Transmittance spectra are found to decrease with corresponding red shift after annealing and light soaking of as-deposited thin films. The value of the band gap is found to decreases and refractive index increases, after annealing and light soaking treatment. The dispersion of refractive index is described using the Wemple-DiDomenico single oscillator model and the effects of the annealing and the light soaking on the dispersion parameters are studied. The dark conductivity is found to change from 2.24 × 10^-8 to 1.54 × 10^-7 and 1.45 × 10^-9 Ω^-1 cm^-1 after annealing and light soaking of thin films, respectively. Hall effect measurement reveals n-type behavior of as-deposited, annealed and light-soaked thin films.

Key words: CdSe, Thin film, Surface treatment, Electrical properties

Jagdish Kaur, S. K. Tripathi. Thermally and Optical-Induced Effect on Optical and Electrical Parameters of Ag-Doped CdSe Thin Films[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2015, 28(5): 591-599.

Figures/Tables 13

Fig. 1 SEM images of as-deposited Ag-doped CdSe thin film at different magnifications

Table 1 Elemental analysis of Ag-doped CdSe thin film

Element	wt%	at.%
Se	45.87	62.92
Ag	2.25	1.60
Cd	51.87	35.48

Fig. 2 TEM images of Ag-doped CdSe thin film at different magnifications

Fig. 3 XRD patterns for as-deposited, annealed and light-soaked thin films

Table 2 Structural parameters of as-deposited, annealed and light-soaked Ag-doped CdSe thin films

Film state	d (10^-1 nm)	D (nm)	δ × 10¹⁵ (lines/m²)	ε
As deposited	3.798	19.8	2.55	8.63 × 10^-3
Annealed	3.777	29.9	1.12	5.67 × 10^-3
Light soaked	3.786	16.7	3.58	10.1 × 10^-3

Fig. 4 Transmittance spectra of Ag-doped CdSe thin films; inset shows the variation of absorption coefficient (α) with photon energy (hν) for as-deposited, annealed and light-soaked Ag-doped CdSe thin films

Fig. 5 Plots of (αhν)2 with photon energy, hν for as-deposited, annealed and light-soaked Ag-doped CdSe thin films

Table 3 Optical parameters of as-deposited, annealed and light-soaked Ag-doped CdSe thin films

Film state	E _g (eV)	E _o (eV)	E _d (eV)	n _o	S _o × 10⁹ (cm^-2)	λ _o × 10^-5 (cm)	ε _o
As deposited	2.16	3.35	9.55	1.96	2.08	3.70	3.84
Annealed	1.94	2.21	8.10	2.16	1.21	5.53	4.66
Light soaked	1.85	2.03	6.13	2.00	0.81	6.11	4.00

Fig. 6 a Variation of refractive index, n with wavelength, λ, b the optical dispersion behavior, (n 2 - 1)-1 versus E 2 for as-deposited, annealed and light-soaked Ag-doped CdSe thin films

Fig. 7 Variation of optical conductivity, σ opt with wavelength, λ for as-deposited, annealed and light-soaked Ag-doped CdSe thin films

Fig. 8 a Variation of ln σ d versus 1,000/T, b Plots of ln σT 1/2 versus T -1/4 for as-deposited, annealed and light-soaked thin films

Table 4 Electrical parameters of as-deposited, annealed and light-soaked Ag-doped CdSe thin films

Film state	σ _d (Ω^-1 cm^-1)	ΔE _a (eV)		T _o (K)	N (E _F) (cm^-3 eV^-1)	R (cm)	W (eV)	α′R
Film state	σ _d (Ω^-1 cm^-1)	HTR	LTR	T _o (K)	N (E _F) (cm^-3 eV^-1)	R (cm)	W (eV)	α′R
As deposited	2.24 × 10^-8	0.634	0.039	5.32 × 10⁶	7.49 × 10¹⁹	4.23 × 10^-7	0.042	5.24
Annealed	1.43 × 10^-7	0.497	0.031	2.61 × 10⁶	1.52 × 10²⁰	3.54 × 10^-7	0.035	4.39
Light soaked	1.45 × 10^-9	0.36	0.028	1.71 × 10⁶	2.33 × 10²⁰	3.18 × 10^-7	0.032	3.94

Table 5 Carrier concentration (n) and mobility (μ H) of the charge carriers for as-deposited, annealed and light-soaked Ag-doped CdSe thin films

Film state	μ _H (cm²/V s)	n (cm^-3)
As deposited	13.12	1.07 × 10¹⁰
Annealed	77.05	1.20 × 10¹⁰
Light soaked	3.43	2.64 × 10⁹

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