Spin-Relaxation of NiO Encapsulated Gd2O3 Core–Shell Nanoparticles

doi:10.1007/s40195-014-0056-0

Abstract

Abstract:

Nickel oxide encapsulated gadolinium oxide (Gd₂O₃/NiO) core–shell nanoparticles (Nps) has been synthesized by polyol method and analyzed by transmission electron microscopy. The particle size is found to vary from 25 to 35 nm. Raman spectra show the gadolinium oxide core material peaks are found to be diminished by the mass effect of the NiO shell material. The dynamics of the magnetic moment has been studied with the help of temperature dependent electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. Peak-to-peak line width (ΔH_pp) value of the EPR spectra increases with decreasing temperature. Temperature dependence of line width shows the dominance of spin–lattice relaxation in these systems, and it can be used as T₁ contrast agent. Spin number estimated from EPR studies increases with the decrease of the temperature. The interfacial exchange coupling between the core and shell region is found to be existing at very low temperatures as determined by EPR studies in this non-magnetic/antiferromagnetic (NM/AFM) core/shell nanosystem. The effects of the temperature on the magnetic properties of the Gd₂O₃/NiO core/shell NPs and the underlying mechanism have been discussed.

Key words: Nanocomposite, Magnetic material, Raman spectroscopy, Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), Spin-relaxation

A. Rajesh, M. Manivel Raja, K. Gurunathan. Spin-Relaxation of NiO Encapsulated Gd₂O₃ Core–Shell Nanoparticles[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2014, 27(2): 253-258.

Figures/Tables 6

Fig. 1 X-ray diffraction patterns of Gd2O3a, NiO b, Gd2O3/NiO core/shell Nps c

Fig. 2 Raman spectra of Gd2O3a, NiO b, Gd2O3/NiO core–shell Nps synthesized by polyol method c

Fig. 3 TEM images of Gd2O3/NiO core/shell Nps with different magnifications of 43,000× a, 71,000× b

Fig. 4 Room temperature hysteresis curves obtained through VSM studies: a NiO; b Gd2O3/NiO core/shell Nps

Fig. 5 EPR spectra of Gd2O3/NiO core/shell Nps at low temperatures of 300–110 K

Table 1 EPR parameters of Gd2O3/NiO core/shell nanoparticles at different temperatures

Temperature (K)	ΔH_pp (Gauss)	g-value	T₂ (ps)	T₁ (ps)	Number of spin
110	1,844	2.09	17.0	8.51	1.70 × 10¹⁴
150	1,151	1.98	28.7	4.51	1.11 × 10¹⁴
200	1,877	2.05	17.0	81.60	2.81 × 10¹³
250	2,522	2.13	12.2	12.20	2.88 × 10¹³
300	2,562	2.13	12.0	12.40	1.92 × 10¹³

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Spin-Relaxation of NiO Encapsulated Gd₂O₃ Core–Shell Nanoparticles

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