Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters) ›› 2019, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (2): 145-168.DOI: 10.1007/s40195-018-00871-2
• Orginal Article • Next Articles
Shuai-Ju Meng1, Hui Yu1(), Shao-Da Fan1, Qi-Zhi Li1, Sung Hyuk Park2, Joung Sik Suh3, Young Min Kim3, Xiao-Long Nan4, Ming-Zhe Bian5, Fu-Xing Yin1, Wei-Min Zhao1, Bong Sun You3, Kwang Seon Shin6
Received:
2018-11-04
Revised:
2018-12-04
Online:
2019-01-17
Published:
2019-02-13
Shuai-Ju Meng, Hui Yu, Shao-Da Fan, Qi-Zhi Li, Sung Hyuk Park, Joung Sik Suh, Young Min Kim, Xiao-Long Nan, Ming-Zhe Bian, Fu-Xing Yin, Wei-Min Zhao, Bong Sun You, Kwang Seon Shin. Recent Progress and Development in Extrusion of Rare Earth Free Mg Alloys: A Review[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2019, 32(2): 145-168.
Add to citation manager EndNote|Ris|BibTeX
Compositions (wt%) | Extrusion parameters T, v (m/min), r | TYS (MPa) | UTS (MPa) | EL (%) | YR | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AZ80-0.5Ca | 450°C, -, 12:1, T5 | 180 | 253 | 7.8 | - | [ |
Mg-4Al-2Sr-0.3Mn | 360°C, -, - | 262.4 | 296.4 | 6.2 | - | [ |
Mg-4Al-2Sr-1Ca-0.3Mn | 360°C, -, - | 299.1 | 326.7 | 3.6 | - | |
AM80 | 250°C, 15.06, 25:1 | 178 | 319 | 17.1 | - | [ |
AM80-3Sn | 250°C, 15.06, 25:1 | 199 | 340 | 16 | - | |
AM80-5Sn | 250°C, 15.06, 25:1 | 242 | 349 | 9.9 | - | |
AM80-7Sn | 250°C, 15.06, 25:1 | 251 | 345 | 8.2 | - | |
ATM110 | 300°C, 25, 25:1 | 260 | 292 | 21.0 | 0.89 | [ |
ATM310 | 250°C, 25, 25:1 | 229 | 293 | 16.0 | 0.88 | |
300°C, 25, 25:1 | 213 | 281 | 20.5 | 0.76 | ||
350°C, 25, 25:1 | 201 | 271 | 20.0 | 0.74 | ||
ATM610 | 250°C, 25, 25:1 | 241 | 319 | 12.0 | 0.76 | |
ATM130 | 300°C, 25, 25:1 | 253 | 288 | 19.5 | 0.85 | |
ATM330 | 250°C, 25, 25:1 | 225 | 306 | 15.4 | 0.74 | |
ATM630 | 250°C, 25, 25:1 | 220 | 318 | 8.6 | 0.69 | |
Mg-8Al-4Sn-2Zn-0.15Mn | 250°C, 0.12, 20:1 | 371 | 415 | 9.1 | 1.02 | [ |
AZ82 | 250°C, 1.2, 20:1 | 233 | 347 | 13.4 | 0.97 | [ |
AZT822 | 250°C, 1.2, 20:1 | 258 | 361 | 11.2 | 1.03 | |
AZT824 | 250°C, 1.2, 20:1 | 280 | 370 | 10.1 | 1.09 | |
AZT826 | 250°C, 1.2, 20:1 | 287 | 354 | 7.8 | 1.09 | |
Mg-3.6Al-3.3Ca-0.4Mn | DC, 350°C, 0.12, 20:1 | 410 | 420 | 5.6 | 0.83 | [ |
Mg-3.6Al-3.3Ca-0.4Mn | PM, 350°C, 0.12, 20:1 | 304 | 314 | 9.5 | 0.81 | [ |
Mg-3.6Al-3.3Ca-0.4Mn | DC, 400°C, 0.12, 20:1 | 409 | 413 | 8 | 0.82 | |
Mg-0.30Al-0.21Ca-0.47Mn | 350°C, 60, 20:1 | 206 | 240 | 29 | 0.68 | [ |
400°C, 60, 20:1 | 200 | 233 | 24 | 0.65 | ||
450°C, 60, 20:1 | 190 | 233 | 20 | 0.55 | ||
500°C, 60, 20:1 | 177 | 222 | 17.5 | 0.54 | ||
Mg-0.30Al-0.21Ca-0.47Mn | 500°C, 60, 20:1, T5 | 207 | 254 | 13.6 | - | [ |
Mg-0.30Al-0.21Ca-0.47Mn | 500°C, 60, 20:1 | 170 | 218 | 15.5 | - | |
AZ31 | 500°C, 1.2, 20:1, T5 | 177 | 248 | 20 | - | |
Mg-0.31Al-0.19Ca-0.43Mn | 275°C, 24, 20:1, T6 | 230 | 262 | 26 | 0.72 | [ |
Mg-1.19Al-0.20Ca-0.46Mn | 275°C, 24, 20:1, T6 | 287 | 306 | 20 | 0.67 | |
Mg-2.48Al-0.20Ca-0.44Mn | 275°C, 24, 20:1, T6 | 240 | 283 | 18 | 0.62 |
Table 1 Typical mechanical properties of selected Mg-Al-based extrusion alloys [21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31]
Compositions (wt%) | Extrusion parameters T, v (m/min), r | TYS (MPa) | UTS (MPa) | EL (%) | YR | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AZ80-0.5Ca | 450°C, -, 12:1, T5 | 180 | 253 | 7.8 | - | [ |
Mg-4Al-2Sr-0.3Mn | 360°C, -, - | 262.4 | 296.4 | 6.2 | - | [ |
Mg-4Al-2Sr-1Ca-0.3Mn | 360°C, -, - | 299.1 | 326.7 | 3.6 | - | |
AM80 | 250°C, 15.06, 25:1 | 178 | 319 | 17.1 | - | [ |
AM80-3Sn | 250°C, 15.06, 25:1 | 199 | 340 | 16 | - | |
AM80-5Sn | 250°C, 15.06, 25:1 | 242 | 349 | 9.9 | - | |
AM80-7Sn | 250°C, 15.06, 25:1 | 251 | 345 | 8.2 | - | |
ATM110 | 300°C, 25, 25:1 | 260 | 292 | 21.0 | 0.89 | [ |
ATM310 | 250°C, 25, 25:1 | 229 | 293 | 16.0 | 0.88 | |
300°C, 25, 25:1 | 213 | 281 | 20.5 | 0.76 | ||
350°C, 25, 25:1 | 201 | 271 | 20.0 | 0.74 | ||
ATM610 | 250°C, 25, 25:1 | 241 | 319 | 12.0 | 0.76 | |
ATM130 | 300°C, 25, 25:1 | 253 | 288 | 19.5 | 0.85 | |
ATM330 | 250°C, 25, 25:1 | 225 | 306 | 15.4 | 0.74 | |
ATM630 | 250°C, 25, 25:1 | 220 | 318 | 8.6 | 0.69 | |
Mg-8Al-4Sn-2Zn-0.15Mn | 250°C, 0.12, 20:1 | 371 | 415 | 9.1 | 1.02 | [ |
AZ82 | 250°C, 1.2, 20:1 | 233 | 347 | 13.4 | 0.97 | [ |
AZT822 | 250°C, 1.2, 20:1 | 258 | 361 | 11.2 | 1.03 | |
AZT824 | 250°C, 1.2, 20:1 | 280 | 370 | 10.1 | 1.09 | |
AZT826 | 250°C, 1.2, 20:1 | 287 | 354 | 7.8 | 1.09 | |
Mg-3.6Al-3.3Ca-0.4Mn | DC, 350°C, 0.12, 20:1 | 410 | 420 | 5.6 | 0.83 | [ |
Mg-3.6Al-3.3Ca-0.4Mn | PM, 350°C, 0.12, 20:1 | 304 | 314 | 9.5 | 0.81 | [ |
Mg-3.6Al-3.3Ca-0.4Mn | DC, 400°C, 0.12, 20:1 | 409 | 413 | 8 | 0.82 | |
Mg-0.30Al-0.21Ca-0.47Mn | 350°C, 60, 20:1 | 206 | 240 | 29 | 0.68 | [ |
400°C, 60, 20:1 | 200 | 233 | 24 | 0.65 | ||
450°C, 60, 20:1 | 190 | 233 | 20 | 0.55 | ||
500°C, 60, 20:1 | 177 | 222 | 17.5 | 0.54 | ||
Mg-0.30Al-0.21Ca-0.47Mn | 500°C, 60, 20:1, T5 | 207 | 254 | 13.6 | - | [ |
Mg-0.30Al-0.21Ca-0.47Mn | 500°C, 60, 20:1 | 170 | 218 | 15.5 | - | |
AZ31 | 500°C, 1.2, 20:1, T5 | 177 | 248 | 20 | - | |
Mg-0.31Al-0.19Ca-0.43Mn | 275°C, 24, 20:1, T6 | 230 | 262 | 26 | 0.72 | [ |
Mg-1.19Al-0.20Ca-0.46Mn | 275°C, 24, 20:1, T6 | 287 | 306 | 20 | 0.67 | |
Mg-2.48Al-0.20Ca-0.44Mn | 275°C, 24, 20:1, T6 | 240 | 283 | 18 | 0.62 |
Fig. 1 a, b TEM images of as-extruded Mg-3.6Al-3.3Ca-0.4Mn (wt%) sample, c high-angle annular dark field image of the unDRXed area, d 3DAP elemental mapping of Al, Ca and Mn for the precipitates in as-extruded sample. Each dot represents one atom [28]
Compositions (wt%) | Extrusion parameters T, v (m/min), r | YS (MPa) | UTS (MPa) | El (%) | YR | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mg-1.0Zn | 350°C, 0.12, 16:1 | 148 | 230 | 16.2 | - | [ |
Mg-2Zn | 320°C, -, 23.6:1 | 115 | 192 | 22.8 | - | [ |
Mg-6Zn | 250°C, -, 8:1 | 169.5 | 279.5 | 18.8 | - | [ |
Mg-6.2Zn (Z6) | 350°C, 0.12, 20:1. | 162 | 290 | 21 | - | [ |
350°C, 0.12, 20:1, T6 | 254 | 318 | 17.3 | - | ||
Mg-6.2Zn-0.6Zr | 350°C, 0.12, 20:1. | 244 | 317 | 13.8 | - | |
350°C, 0.12, 20:1, T6 | 275 | 318 | 17.1 | - | ||
Mg-6Zn-0.2Ca | 300°C, 0.12, 20:1 | 148 | 275 | 26 | 0.91 | [ |
Mg-6Zn-0.2Ca-0.8Zr | 300°C, 0.12, 20:1 | 310 | 357 | 18 | 0.84 | |
Mg-4.69Zn-0.48Ca | 250°C, -, 18:1 | 291 | 329 | 15.8 | - | [ |
Mg-1.0Zn-0.2Ca | 350°C, 0.12, 16:1 | 120 | 200 | 40 | - | [ |
Mg-1.0Zn-0.5Ca | 330°C, 0.12, 16:1 | 105 | 205 | 44 | - | |
ZM61 | 350°C, 0.2-2.8, 25:1 | 209 | 305 | 11.5 | - | [ |
ZM61 | 350°C, 0.2-2.8, 25:1, double aged | 338 | 366 | 5.2 | - | |
Mg-6Zn-1Mn-4Sn | 350°C, 3, 25:1 | 250 | 330 | 11 | - | [ |
Mg-6Zn-1Mn-4Sn | 350°C, 3, 25:1, double aged | 378 | 390 | 4.16 | - | |
Mg-5.25Zn-0.6Ca | 300°C, 0.12, 20:1 | 220 | 265 | 21.4 | - | [ |
Mg-5.25Zn-0.6Ca-0.3Mn | 300°C, 0.12, 20:1 | 272 | 303 | 18.9 | - | |
Mg-6Zn-1Si-0.5Mn | 350°C, 0.48, 25:1 | 200 | 316 | 20.6 | - | [ |
Mg-6Zn-1Si-0.5Mn | 350°C, 0.48, 25:1, T5 | 290 | 320 | 16 | - | |
Mg-6Zn-1Si-0.5Mn-0.2Ca | 350°C, 0.48, 25:1, double aged | 330 | 360 | 12.5 | - | |
Mg-0.21Zn-0.3Ca-0.14Mn | 300°C, 6, 20:1 | 100 | 185 | 32 | - | [ |
300°C, 60, 20:1 | ~70 | ~177 | ~28 | - | ||
Mg-0.53Zn-0.24Ca-0.27Mn | 300°C, 6, 20:1 | 108 | 200 | 33 | - | |
300°C, 60, 20:1 | ~75 | ~190 | ~30 | - | ||
Mg-0.71Zn-0.36Ca-0.07Mn | 300°C, 6, 20:1 | 108 | 220 | 37 | - | |
300°C, 24, 20:1 | 95 | 193 | 34 | - | ||
Mg-0.21Zn-0.30Ca-0.14Mn | 300°C, 1.2, 20:1 | 310 | 310 | 22 | 0.54 | [ |
400°C, 1.2, 20:1 | 115 | 210 | 32 | 0.78 | ||
Mg-5.99Zn-1.76Ca-0.35Mn | 300°C, 0.12, 20:1 | 289 | 303 | 16 | 0.89 | [ |
Mg-3.0Zn-1.0Sn-0.3Mn-0.3Ca | 200°C, 60, 30:1 | 220 | 282 | 12 | - | [ |
300°C, 60, 30:1 | 187 | 301 | 19.6 | - | ||
Mg-4Zn-2Al-2Sn | 225°C, 1-2, 61:1 | 211 | 317 | 27.6 | 0.88 | [ |
250°C, 1-2, 61:1 | 176 | 296 | 24 | 0.89 | ||
275°C, 1-2, 61:1 | 173 | 293 | 23.6 | 0.95 |
Table 2 Typical mechanical properties of selected Mg-Zn extrusion alloys [37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51]
Compositions (wt%) | Extrusion parameters T, v (m/min), r | YS (MPa) | UTS (MPa) | El (%) | YR | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mg-1.0Zn | 350°C, 0.12, 16:1 | 148 | 230 | 16.2 | - | [ |
Mg-2Zn | 320°C, -, 23.6:1 | 115 | 192 | 22.8 | - | [ |
Mg-6Zn | 250°C, -, 8:1 | 169.5 | 279.5 | 18.8 | - | [ |
Mg-6.2Zn (Z6) | 350°C, 0.12, 20:1. | 162 | 290 | 21 | - | [ |
350°C, 0.12, 20:1, T6 | 254 | 318 | 17.3 | - | ||
Mg-6.2Zn-0.6Zr | 350°C, 0.12, 20:1. | 244 | 317 | 13.8 | - | |
350°C, 0.12, 20:1, T6 | 275 | 318 | 17.1 | - | ||
Mg-6Zn-0.2Ca | 300°C, 0.12, 20:1 | 148 | 275 | 26 | 0.91 | [ |
Mg-6Zn-0.2Ca-0.8Zr | 300°C, 0.12, 20:1 | 310 | 357 | 18 | 0.84 | |
Mg-4.69Zn-0.48Ca | 250°C, -, 18:1 | 291 | 329 | 15.8 | - | [ |
Mg-1.0Zn-0.2Ca | 350°C, 0.12, 16:1 | 120 | 200 | 40 | - | [ |
Mg-1.0Zn-0.5Ca | 330°C, 0.12, 16:1 | 105 | 205 | 44 | - | |
ZM61 | 350°C, 0.2-2.8, 25:1 | 209 | 305 | 11.5 | - | [ |
ZM61 | 350°C, 0.2-2.8, 25:1, double aged | 338 | 366 | 5.2 | - | |
Mg-6Zn-1Mn-4Sn | 350°C, 3, 25:1 | 250 | 330 | 11 | - | [ |
Mg-6Zn-1Mn-4Sn | 350°C, 3, 25:1, double aged | 378 | 390 | 4.16 | - | |
Mg-5.25Zn-0.6Ca | 300°C, 0.12, 20:1 | 220 | 265 | 21.4 | - | [ |
Mg-5.25Zn-0.6Ca-0.3Mn | 300°C, 0.12, 20:1 | 272 | 303 | 18.9 | - | |
Mg-6Zn-1Si-0.5Mn | 350°C, 0.48, 25:1 | 200 | 316 | 20.6 | - | [ |
Mg-6Zn-1Si-0.5Mn | 350°C, 0.48, 25:1, T5 | 290 | 320 | 16 | - | |
Mg-6Zn-1Si-0.5Mn-0.2Ca | 350°C, 0.48, 25:1, double aged | 330 | 360 | 12.5 | - | |
Mg-0.21Zn-0.3Ca-0.14Mn | 300°C, 6, 20:1 | 100 | 185 | 32 | - | [ |
300°C, 60, 20:1 | ~70 | ~177 | ~28 | - | ||
Mg-0.53Zn-0.24Ca-0.27Mn | 300°C, 6, 20:1 | 108 | 200 | 33 | - | |
300°C, 60, 20:1 | ~75 | ~190 | ~30 | - | ||
Mg-0.71Zn-0.36Ca-0.07Mn | 300°C, 6, 20:1 | 108 | 220 | 37 | - | |
300°C, 24, 20:1 | 95 | 193 | 34 | - | ||
Mg-0.21Zn-0.30Ca-0.14Mn | 300°C, 1.2, 20:1 | 310 | 310 | 22 | 0.54 | [ |
400°C, 1.2, 20:1 | 115 | 210 | 32 | 0.78 | ||
Mg-5.99Zn-1.76Ca-0.35Mn | 300°C, 0.12, 20:1 | 289 | 303 | 16 | 0.89 | [ |
Mg-3.0Zn-1.0Sn-0.3Mn-0.3Ca | 200°C, 60, 30:1 | 220 | 282 | 12 | - | [ |
300°C, 60, 30:1 | 187 | 301 | 19.6 | - | ||
Mg-4Zn-2Al-2Sn | 225°C, 1-2, 61:1 | 211 | 317 | 27.6 | 0.88 | [ |
250°C, 1-2, 61:1 | 176 | 296 | 24 | 0.89 | ||
275°C, 1-2, 61:1 | 173 | 293 | 23.6 | 0.95 |
Compositions (wt%) | Extrusion parameters T, v (m/min), r | YS (MPa) | UTS (MPa) | El (%) | YR | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mg-1.05Ca-0.097Mn | 300°C, 2.4, 20:1 | 310 | - | 6.5 | - | [ |
350°C, 2.4, 20:1 | 280 | - | 11 | - | ||
Mg-0.41Ca-0.4Al-0.02Mn | 350°C, 0.86-1.41, 19.6:1 | ~165 | ~234 | ~34 | - | [ |
Mg-0.84Ca-0.4Al-0.02Mn | 350°C, 0.86-1.41, 19.6:1 | ~185 | ~239 | ~19.5 | - | |
Mg-1.89Ca-0.4Al-0.02Mn | 350°C, 0.86-1.41, 19.6:1 | ~204 | ~252 | ~14.9 | - | |
Mg-2.85Ca-0.4Al-0.02Mn | 350°C, 0.86-1.41, 19.6:1 | ~248 | ~273 | ~7.3 | - | |
Mg-0.5Ca | 350°C, -, 4:1+236°C, -, 25:1 | 420 | - | ~7.5 | - | [ |
Mg-1.0Ca-0.5Sr | 275°C, -, 25:1 | ~304 | ~307 | ~10.4 | ~0.82 | [ |
340°C, -, 25:1 | ~202 | ~234 | ~18.3 | ~0.90 | ||
400°C, -, 25:1 | ~157 | ~215 | ~18.7 | ~0.87 | ||
Mg-1Ca-1Zn-0.6Zr | 350°C, 0.18, 30:1 | 306 | 314 | 10.3 | - | [ |
400°C, 0.18, 30:1 | 262 | 291 | 11.7 | - | ||
Mg-2Sn-2Ca | 220°C, 0.36, 20:1 | 443 | 460 | 1.2 | 0.72 | [ |
240°C, 0.36, 20:1 | 420 | 435 | 3.0 | 0.73 | ||
280°C, 0.36, 20:1 | 386 | 414 | 5.8 | 0.90 | ||
320°C, 0.36, 20:1 | 358 | 365 | 8.9 | - |
Table 3 Typical mechanical properties of selected Mg-Ca extrusion alloys [55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60]
Compositions (wt%) | Extrusion parameters T, v (m/min), r | YS (MPa) | UTS (MPa) | El (%) | YR | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mg-1.05Ca-0.097Mn | 300°C, 2.4, 20:1 | 310 | - | 6.5 | - | [ |
350°C, 2.4, 20:1 | 280 | - | 11 | - | ||
Mg-0.41Ca-0.4Al-0.02Mn | 350°C, 0.86-1.41, 19.6:1 | ~165 | ~234 | ~34 | - | [ |
Mg-0.84Ca-0.4Al-0.02Mn | 350°C, 0.86-1.41, 19.6:1 | ~185 | ~239 | ~19.5 | - | |
Mg-1.89Ca-0.4Al-0.02Mn | 350°C, 0.86-1.41, 19.6:1 | ~204 | ~252 | ~14.9 | - | |
Mg-2.85Ca-0.4Al-0.02Mn | 350°C, 0.86-1.41, 19.6:1 | ~248 | ~273 | ~7.3 | - | |
Mg-0.5Ca | 350°C, -, 4:1+236°C, -, 25:1 | 420 | - | ~7.5 | - | [ |
Mg-1.0Ca-0.5Sr | 275°C, -, 25:1 | ~304 | ~307 | ~10.4 | ~0.82 | [ |
340°C, -, 25:1 | ~202 | ~234 | ~18.3 | ~0.90 | ||
400°C, -, 25:1 | ~157 | ~215 | ~18.7 | ~0.87 | ||
Mg-1Ca-1Zn-0.6Zr | 350°C, 0.18, 30:1 | 306 | 314 | 10.3 | - | [ |
400°C, 0.18, 30:1 | 262 | 291 | 11.7 | - | ||
Mg-2Sn-2Ca | 220°C, 0.36, 20:1 | 443 | 460 | 1.2 | 0.72 | [ |
240°C, 0.36, 20:1 | 420 | 435 | 3.0 | 0.73 | ||
280°C, 0.36, 20:1 | 386 | 414 | 5.8 | 0.90 | ||
320°C, 0.36, 20:1 | 358 | 365 | 8.9 | - |
Fig. 2 a, b Optical micrographs. c, d TEM images of the as-extruded samples. a, c are the sample extruded at 300°C and b, d are the sample extruded at 350°C. The enlarged morphology of typical nanoparticles in c and the corresponding FFT patterns are included in c1 and c2. Textures of the extruded samples are also shown in e. Extrusion direction and radial direction are marked as ED and RD, respectively [55]
Fig. 3 Typical TEM images of as-extruded samples, a, b TX22-220, c, d TX22-240, e, f TX22-280 alloys. LAGBs are marked by yellow arrows, and the dislocations are marked by red arrows. Nanoprecipitates are circled by the blue ellipses [60]
Compositions (wt%) | Extrusion parameters T, v (m/min), r | YS (MPa) | UTS (MPa) | El (%) | YR | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mg-2Sn | 260°C, 2.4, 20:1. | 157 | 230 | 16 | - | [ |
Mg-6Sn | 300°C, 25, 25:1. | 191 | 252 | 20.5 | - | [ |
ATM150 | 300°C, 25, 25:1. | 248 | 294 | 20.6 | - | |
ATM350 | 300°C, 25, 25:1. | 240 | 315 | 15.2 | - | |
ATM650 | 300°C, 25, 25:1. | 232 | 346 | 15.6 | - | |
ATM950 | 300°C, 25, 25:1. | 298 | 370 | 8.2 | - | |
Mg-9.3Sn-2.45Zn-0.21Mn | 260°C, 2.8, 56:1. | 163 | 274 | 22 | - | [ |
260°C, 2.8, 56:1, T6. | 190 | 260 | 12 | - | ||
Mg-9.8Sn-1.2Zn-1.0Al | 250°C, 0.12, 20:1. | 308 | 354 | 12 | 0.9 | [ |
TAZ1031 | 250°C, 0.12, 20:1. | 319 | 358 | 6.1 | 1.00 | [ |
300°C, 2.4, 20:1. | 228 | 329 | 13.3 | 1.08 | ||
400°C, 2.4, 20:1. | 214 | 315 | 11.0 | 0.96 | ||
TAZ1031-0.1Na | 300°C, 0.12, 20:1. | 336 | 362 | 3.1 | 0.94 | |
TZAM5420 | 300°C, 0.12-2.4, 20:1. | 182 | 324 | 24 | - | [ |
300°C, 0.12-2.4, 20:1, T6 | 186 | 292 | 19 | - | ||
TZAM5420-0.1Na | 300°C, 0.12-2.4, 20:1. | 243 | 324 | 10 | - | |
300°C, 0.12-2.4, 20:1, T6 | 347 | 369 | 3 | - | ||
TZAM6620 | 300°C, 0.12-2.4, 20:1. | 247 | 349 | 16 | 1.02 | |
300°C, 0.12-2.4, 20:1, double aged | 370 | 399 | 14 | 0.83 | ||
Mg-8Sn-2Zn-0.2Mn | 300°C, 0.48, 28:1 | 321.5 | 360.2 | 12.26 | - | [ |
Mg-8Sn-2Zn-0.2Mn-0.5Cu | 300°C, 0.48, 28:1 | 365.9 | 388.4 | 5.8 | - | |
TX21 | 260°C, 2.4, 20:1 | 269 | 305 | 6 | - | [ |
TXZ212 | 260°C, 2.4, 20:1 | 218 | 285 | 23 | - | |
Mg-8Sn-1Al-1Zn | 250°C, 2, 25:1 | 244 | 312 | 17.5 | - | [ |
250°C, 4.5, 25:1 | 231 | 311 | 15.2 | - | ||
250°C, 10, 25:1 | 199 | 286 | 14.8 | - | ||
TAZ711 | 350°C, 9, 50:1 | 194 | 271 | 13.4 | - | [ |
TAZ711 | 350°C, 19, 50:1 | 184 | 250 | 13.4 | - | |
TAZ711 | 350°C, 27, 50:1 | 180 | 240 | 12.9 | - |
Table 4 Typical mechanical properties of selected Mg-Sn-based extrusion alloys [62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70]
Compositions (wt%) | Extrusion parameters T, v (m/min), r | YS (MPa) | UTS (MPa) | El (%) | YR | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mg-2Sn | 260°C, 2.4, 20:1. | 157 | 230 | 16 | - | [ |
Mg-6Sn | 300°C, 25, 25:1. | 191 | 252 | 20.5 | - | [ |
ATM150 | 300°C, 25, 25:1. | 248 | 294 | 20.6 | - | |
ATM350 | 300°C, 25, 25:1. | 240 | 315 | 15.2 | - | |
ATM650 | 300°C, 25, 25:1. | 232 | 346 | 15.6 | - | |
ATM950 | 300°C, 25, 25:1. | 298 | 370 | 8.2 | - | |
Mg-9.3Sn-2.45Zn-0.21Mn | 260°C, 2.8, 56:1. | 163 | 274 | 22 | - | [ |
260°C, 2.8, 56:1, T6. | 190 | 260 | 12 | - | ||
Mg-9.8Sn-1.2Zn-1.0Al | 250°C, 0.12, 20:1. | 308 | 354 | 12 | 0.9 | [ |
TAZ1031 | 250°C, 0.12, 20:1. | 319 | 358 | 6.1 | 1.00 | [ |
300°C, 2.4, 20:1. | 228 | 329 | 13.3 | 1.08 | ||
400°C, 2.4, 20:1. | 214 | 315 | 11.0 | 0.96 | ||
TAZ1031-0.1Na | 300°C, 0.12, 20:1. | 336 | 362 | 3.1 | 0.94 | |
TZAM5420 | 300°C, 0.12-2.4, 20:1. | 182 | 324 | 24 | - | [ |
300°C, 0.12-2.4, 20:1, T6 | 186 | 292 | 19 | - | ||
TZAM5420-0.1Na | 300°C, 0.12-2.4, 20:1. | 243 | 324 | 10 | - | |
300°C, 0.12-2.4, 20:1, T6 | 347 | 369 | 3 | - | ||
TZAM6620 | 300°C, 0.12-2.4, 20:1. | 247 | 349 | 16 | 1.02 | |
300°C, 0.12-2.4, 20:1, double aged | 370 | 399 | 14 | 0.83 | ||
Mg-8Sn-2Zn-0.2Mn | 300°C, 0.48, 28:1 | 321.5 | 360.2 | 12.26 | - | [ |
Mg-8Sn-2Zn-0.2Mn-0.5Cu | 300°C, 0.48, 28:1 | 365.9 | 388.4 | 5.8 | - | |
TX21 | 260°C, 2.4, 20:1 | 269 | 305 | 6 | - | [ |
TXZ212 | 260°C, 2.4, 20:1 | 218 | 285 | 23 | - | |
Mg-8Sn-1Al-1Zn | 250°C, 2, 25:1 | 244 | 312 | 17.5 | - | [ |
250°C, 4.5, 25:1 | 231 | 311 | 15.2 | - | ||
250°C, 10, 25:1 | 199 | 286 | 14.8 | - | ||
TAZ711 | 350°C, 9, 50:1 | 194 | 271 | 13.4 | - | [ |
TAZ711 | 350°C, 19, 50:1 | 184 | 250 | 13.4 | - | |
TAZ711 | 350°C, 27, 50:1 | 180 | 240 | 12.9 | - |
Compositions (wt%) | Extrusion parameters T, v (m/min), r | YS (MPa) | UTS (MPa) | EL (%) | YR | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mg | 300°C, 0.06, 36:1. | 120 | 208 | 12 | 0.74 | [ |
Mg-6Bi | 300°C, 0.06, 36:1. | 189 | 228 | 19 | 1.01 | [ |
BAZ811 | 300°C, 1.98, 30:1. | 291 | 331 | 14.6 | 0.94 | [ |
AZ31 | 300°C, 1.98, 30:1. | 200 | 284 | 24.5 | 0.84 | [ |
Mg-5Bi-1Si | RS, -, -, 19.1:1. | - | 240 | 40 | - | [ |
Mg-5Bi-1Ca | RS, -, -, 19.1:1. | - | 205 | 45 | - | [ |
Mg-2.5Bi | 110°C, -, -. | - | 155 | 170 | - | [ |
Table 5 Typical mechanical properties of selected Mg-Bi extrusion alloys [72, 73, 74, 75]
Compositions (wt%) | Extrusion parameters T, v (m/min), r | YS (MPa) | UTS (MPa) | EL (%) | YR | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mg | 300°C, 0.06, 36:1. | 120 | 208 | 12 | 0.74 | [ |
Mg-6Bi | 300°C, 0.06, 36:1. | 189 | 228 | 19 | 1.01 | [ |
BAZ811 | 300°C, 1.98, 30:1. | 291 | 331 | 14.6 | 0.94 | [ |
AZ31 | 300°C, 1.98, 30:1. | 200 | 284 | 24.5 | 0.84 | [ |
Mg-5Bi-1Si | RS, -, -, 19.1:1. | - | 240 | 40 | - | [ |
Mg-5Bi-1Ca | RS, -, -, 19.1:1. | - | 205 | 45 | - | [ |
Mg-2.5Bi | 110°C, -, -. | - | 155 | 170 | - | [ |
Process | Schematic illustration | Equivalent strain | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|
(a) Equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) | ?=N 2×3-1/2 cotφ, N, the number of ECAP passes | [ | |
(b) Extrusion shear (ES) | - | [ | |
(c) Cyclic extrusion compression (CEC) | ?=N 4ln(D/d) N, number of cycles | [ | |
(d) Repetitive upsetting extrusion (RUE) | ?=3/2 ln(d0/d1)+2ln(d1/d0) d1, the chamber diameter, d0, the channel diameter | [ | |
(e) Accumulative back extrusion (ABE) | - | [ |
Table 6 Schematic illustration of some basic and modern SPD techniques [111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116]
Process | Schematic illustration | Equivalent strain | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|
(a) Equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) | ?=N 2×3-1/2 cotφ, N, the number of ECAP passes | [ | |
(b) Extrusion shear (ES) | - | [ | |
(c) Cyclic extrusion compression (CEC) | ?=N 4ln(D/d) N, number of cycles | [ | |
(d) Repetitive upsetting extrusion (RUE) | ?=3/2 ln(d0/d1)+2ln(d1/d0) d1, the chamber diameter, d0, the channel diameter | [ | |
(e) Accumulative back extrusion (ABE) | - | [ |
|
[1] | Chun-Hua Ma, Fu-Sheng Pan, Ding-Fei Zhang, Ai-Tao Tang, Zhi-Wen Lu. Effects of Sb Addition on Microstructural Evolution and Mechanical Properties of Mg-9Al-5Sn Alloy [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2021, 34(2): 278-288. |
[2] | Jun-Xiu Chen, Xiang-Ying Zhu, Li-Li Tan, Ke Yang, Xu-Ping Su. Effects of ECAP Extrusion on the Microstructure, Mechanical Properties and Biodegradability of Mg-2Zn-xGd-0.5Zr Alloys [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2021, 34(2): 205-216. |
[3] | L. B. Tong, J. H. Chu, D. N. Zou, Q. Sun, S. Kamado, H. G. Brokmeier, M. Y. Zheng. Simultaneously Enhanced Mechanical Properties and Damping Capacities of ZK60 Mg Alloys Processed by Multi-Directional Forging [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2021, 34(2): 265-277. |
[4] | Lin-Yue Jia, Wen-Bo Du, Jin-Long Fu, Zhao-Hui Wang, Ke Liu, Shu-Bo Li, Xian Du. Obtaining Ultra-High Strength and Ductility in a Mg-Gd-Er-Zn-Zr Alloy via Extrusion, Pre-deformation and Two-Stage Aging [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2021, 34(1): 39-44. |
[5] | Hua-Ping Tang, Qu-Dong Wang, Colin Luo, Chuan Lei, Tian-Wen Liu, Zhong-Yang Li, Kui Wang, Hai-Yan Jiang, Wen-Jiang Ding. Effects of Solution Treatment on the Microstructure, Tensile Properties, and Impact Toughness of an Al-5.0Mg-3.0Zn-1.0Cu Cast Alloy [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2021, 34(1): 98-110. |
[6] | Meichen Liang, Hao Zhang, Lifeng Zhang, Peng Xue, Dingrui Ni, Weizhen Wang, Zongyi Ma, Hengqiang Ye, Zhiqing Yang. Evolution of Quasicrystals and Long-Period Stacking Ordered Structures During Severe Plastic Deformation and Mixing of Dissimilar Mg Alloys Upon Friction Stir Welding [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2021, 34(1): 12-24. |
[7] | Xi Zhao, Fa-Fa Yan, Zhi-Min Zhang, Peng-Cheng Gao, Shu-Chang Li. Influence of Heat Treatment on Precipitation Behavior and Mechanical Properties of Extruded AZ80 Magnesium Alloy [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2021, 34(1): 54-64. |
[8] | Tianbo Zhao, Yutaka S. Sato, Hiroyuki Kokawa, Kazuhiro Ito. Predicting Tensile Properties of Friction-Stir-Welded 6063 Aluminum with Experimentally Measured Welding Heat Input [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2020, 33(9): 1235-1242. |
[9] | Dan-Yang Liu, Jin-Feng Li, Yong-Cheng Lin, Peng-Cheng Ma, Yong-Lai Chen, Xu-Hu Zhang, Rui-Feng Zhang. Cu/Li Ratio on the Microstructure Evolution and Corrosion Behaviors of Al-xCu-yLi-Mg Alloys [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2020, 33(9): 1201-1216. |
[10] | He Huang, Huan Liu, Li-Sha Wang, Yu-Hua Li, Solomon-Oshioke Agbedor, Jing Bai, Feng Xue, Jing-Hua Jiang. A High-Strength and Biodegradable Zn-Mg Alloy with Refined Ternary Eutectic Structure Processed by ECAP [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2020, 33(9): 1191-1200. |
[11] | Chao-Yue Zhao, Xian-Hua Chen, Peng Peng, Teng Tu, Andrej Atrens, Fu-Sheng Pan. Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Mg-xAl-1Sn-0.3Mn (x = 1, 3, 5) Alloy Sheets [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2020, 33(9): 1217-1225. |
[12] | Hao Wu, Si-Rui Huang, Cheng-Yan Zhu, Ji-Feng Zhang, He-Guo Zhu, Zong-Han Xie. In Situ TiC/FeCrNiCu High-Entropy Alloy Matrix Composites: Reaction Mechanism, Microstructure and Mechanical Properties [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2020, 33(8): 1091-1102. |
[13] | Qiuxin Nie, Hui Liang, Dongxu Qiao, Zhaoxin Qi, Zhiqiang Cao. Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Multi-component AlxCrFe2Ni2Mo0.2 High-Entropy Alloys [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2020, 33(8): 1135-1144. |
[14] | Ren Li, Jing Ren, Guo-Jia Zhang, Jun-Yang He, Yi-Ping Lu, Tong-Min Wang, Ting-Ju Li. Novel (CoFe2NiV0.5Mo0.2)100-xNbx Eutectic High-Entropy Alloys with Excellent Combination of Mechanical and Corrosion Properties [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2020, 33(8): 1046-1056. |
[15] | Jia-Qi Zhao, Hua Tian, Zhong Wang, Xue-Jiao Wang, Jun-Wei Qiao. FCC-to-HCP Phase Transformation in CoCrNix Medium-Entropy Alloys [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2020, 33(8): 1151-1158. |
Viewed | ||||||
Full text |
|
|||||
Abstract |
|
|||||