Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters) ›› 2019, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (1): 74-88.DOI: 10.1007/s40195-018-0805-6
Special Issue: 2019年钢铁材料专辑
• Orginal Article • Previous Articles Next Articles
Erfan Abbasi1,2(), Quanshun Luo1, Dave Owens2
Received:
2018-05-11
Revised:
2018-07-01
Online:
2019-01-10
Published:
2019-01-18
Contact:
Abbasi Erfan
About author:
Author brief introduction:Dao-Kui Xu Professor of IMR, CAS, and “Young Merit Scholar” of Corrosion Center in the Institute of Metal Research (IMR), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). He achieved Ph.D. degree from IMR, CAS, in 2008, during which he obtained “Chinese Academy of Sciences-BHP Billiton” Scholarship award, “Shi Changxu” Scholarship award and “Zhu-LiYueHua” Excellent Doctorate Student Scholarship of Chinese Academy of Sciences. He worked as a Research Fellow in ARC Center of Excellence, Design of Light Metals, Department of Materials Engineering, Monash University, Australia (2008.10-2011.10). He published more than 60 peer-reviewed scientific papers, attended 20 invited lectures and holds seven patents. His papers were cited more than 1200 times. His research interests mainly include: (1) fatigue behavior and fracture toughness of light metals, such as Mg, Al and Ti alloys; (2) effects of alloying, heat treatment and thermomechanical processes on the microstructural evolution and mechanical improvement of light metals; (3) corrosion, stress corrosion cracking and corrosion fatigue behavior of lightweight alloys; and (4) design of new lightweight alloys with a good balance of properties in terms of mechanical property and corrosion resistance.
Erfan Abbasi, Quanshun Luo, Dave Owens. Microstructural Characteristics and Mechanical Properties of Low-Alloy, Medium-Carbon Steels After Multiple Tempering[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2019, 32(1): 74-88.
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Steel | C | Si | Mn | Cr | V | Mo | Ni | Ti | B | S | P | Fe |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
NiCrSi | 0.36 | 0.89 | 0.60 | 0.90 | - | 0.06 | 3.11 | - | - | 0.010 | - | Bal. |
NiCrMoV | 0.50 | 0.22 | 0.65 | 1.33 | 0.52 | 0.77 | 3.70 | 0.002 | - | - | - | Bal. |
Table 1 Chemical composition of the investigated steels (wt%)
Steel | C | Si | Mn | Cr | V | Mo | Ni | Ti | B | S | P | Fe |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
NiCrSi | 0.36 | 0.89 | 0.60 | 0.90 | - | 0.06 | 3.11 | - | - | 0.010 | - | Bal. |
NiCrMoV | 0.50 | 0.22 | 0.65 | 1.33 | 0.52 | 0.77 | 3.70 | 0.002 | - | - | - | Bal. |
Fig. 3 Retained austenite volume fraction versus tempering temperature, a NiCrSi steel, b NiCrMoV steel, c dislocation density measured according to WH method
Ttempering (°C) | NiCrSi | NiCrMoV | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Single tempered | Double tempered | Single tempered | Double tempered | Triple tempered | ||
Retained austenite (vol%) | 250 | 21.5 | 16.7 | 20.4 | 14.4 | 8.1 |
300 | 21.9 | 13.5 | 10.8 | 3.8 | 4.7 | |
400 | 14.6 | 5.1 | 9.9 | 12.4 | 7.2 | |
500 | 2.6 | 0.4 | 1.6 | 2.0 | 2.9 | |
Carbon content (%) | 250 | 1.20 | 1.24 | 1.16 | 1.17 | 1.18 |
300 | 1.37 | 1.50 | 1.15 | 1.20 | 1.22 | |
400 | 1.04 | 1.17 | 1.09 | 1.03 | 1.10 | |
500 | 0.94 | 0.96 | 1.05 | 0.98 | 0.98 | |
Lattice parameter (nm) | 250 | 0.36032?±?0.00013 | 0.36048?±?0.00011 | 0.36009?±?0.00020 | 0.36017?±?0.00014 | 0.36021?±?0.00019 |
300 | 0.36109?±?0.00011 | 0.36170?±?0.00017 | 0.36004?±?0.00017 | 0.36030?±?0.00017 | 0.36039?±?0.00021 | |
400 | 0.35953?±?0.00008 | 0.36016?±?0.00012 | 0.35979?±?0.00012 | 0.35949?±?0.00012 | 0.35983?±?0.00011 | |
500 | 0.35907?±?0.00009 | 0.35919?±?0.00018 | 0.35958?±?0.00014 | 0.35926?±?0.00013 | 0.35925?±?0.00011 |
Table 2 Retained austenite characteristics determined from XRD results
Ttempering (°C) | NiCrSi | NiCrMoV | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Single tempered | Double tempered | Single tempered | Double tempered | Triple tempered | ||
Retained austenite (vol%) | 250 | 21.5 | 16.7 | 20.4 | 14.4 | 8.1 |
300 | 21.9 | 13.5 | 10.8 | 3.8 | 4.7 | |
400 | 14.6 | 5.1 | 9.9 | 12.4 | 7.2 | |
500 | 2.6 | 0.4 | 1.6 | 2.0 | 2.9 | |
Carbon content (%) | 250 | 1.20 | 1.24 | 1.16 | 1.17 | 1.18 |
300 | 1.37 | 1.50 | 1.15 | 1.20 | 1.22 | |
400 | 1.04 | 1.17 | 1.09 | 1.03 | 1.10 | |
500 | 0.94 | 0.96 | 1.05 | 0.98 | 0.98 | |
Lattice parameter (nm) | 250 | 0.36032?±?0.00013 | 0.36048?±?0.00011 | 0.36009?±?0.00020 | 0.36017?±?0.00014 | 0.36021?±?0.00019 |
300 | 0.36109?±?0.00011 | 0.36170?±?0.00017 | 0.36004?±?0.00017 | 0.36030?±?0.00017 | 0.36039?±?0.00021 | |
400 | 0.35953?±?0.00008 | 0.36016?±?0.00012 | 0.35979?±?0.00012 | 0.35949?±?0.00012 | 0.35983?±?0.00011 | |
500 | 0.35907?±?0.00009 | 0.35919?±?0.00018 | 0.35958?±?0.00014 | 0.35926?±?0.00013 | 0.35925?±?0.00011 |
Fig. 4 Average hardness variations in terms of tempering temperature, a single- and double-tempered NiCrSi steel, b single-, double- and triple-tempered NiCrMoV steel, c comparison between single-tempered NiCrSi and NiCrMoV steels
Fig. 5 a, b Engineering stress-strain curves of NiCrSi and NiCrMoV steels, respectively, c, d trend of flow stress, UTS and yield ratio variations in NiCrSi and NiCrMoV steels, respectively
Steel | Tempered at 250 °C | Tempered at 300 °C | Tempered at 400 °C | Tempered at 500 °C | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yield strength (MPa) | UTS (MPa) | El (%) | Yield strength (MPa) | UTS (MPa) | El (%) | Yield strength (MPa) | UTS (MPa) | El (%) | Yield strength (MPa) | UTS (MPa) | El (%) | |
NiCrSi | 1590?±?6 | 1930?±?11 | 9.5?±?0.5 | 1529?±?26 | 1831?±?5 | 10.5?±?0.5 | 1318?±?2 | 1612?±?5 | 12?±?1.0 | 1194?±?3 | 1314?±?7 | 13?±?2.0 |
NiCrMoV | 1421?±?25 | 1840?±?11 | 9.6?±?1.1 | 1432?±?2 | 1760?±?5 | 9.6?±?1.1 | 1279?±?12 | 1682?±?1 | 10?±?1.7 | 1289?±?10 | 1653?±?1 | 12?±?1.0 |
Table 3 A comparison between the tensile properties of double-tempered NiCrSi steel and triple-tempered NiCrMoV steel
Steel | Tempered at 250 °C | Tempered at 300 °C | Tempered at 400 °C | Tempered at 500 °C | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yield strength (MPa) | UTS (MPa) | El (%) | Yield strength (MPa) | UTS (MPa) | El (%) | Yield strength (MPa) | UTS (MPa) | El (%) | Yield strength (MPa) | UTS (MPa) | El (%) | |
NiCrSi | 1590?±?6 | 1930?±?11 | 9.5?±?0.5 | 1529?±?26 | 1831?±?5 | 10.5?±?0.5 | 1318?±?2 | 1612?±?5 | 12?±?1.0 | 1194?±?3 | 1314?±?7 | 13?±?2.0 |
NiCrMoV | 1421?±?25 | 1840?±?11 | 9.6?±?1.1 | 1432?±?2 | 1760?±?5 | 9.6?±?1.1 | 1279?±?12 | 1682?±?1 | 10?±?1.7 | 1289?±?10 | 1653?±?1 | 12?±?1.0 |
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