Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters) ›› 2020, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (6): 892-902.DOI: 10.1007/s40195-020-01013-3
Boxiang Wang1, Zhenhua Wang1(), Juntang Yuan1(), Bin Yu1
Received:
2019-10-18
Revised:
2019-11-25
Online:
2020-06-10
Published:
2020-06-17
Contact:
Zhenhua Wang,Juntang Yuan
Boxiang Wang, Zhenhua Wang, Juntang Yuan, Bin Yu. Effects of (Ti, W)C Addition on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ultrafine WC-Co Tool Materials Prepared by Spark Plasma Sintering[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2020, 33(6): 892-902.
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Powder | Purity (%) | Particle size, dLPSA | Particle size, dBET | C content (wt%) | O content (wt%) | Manufacturer |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
WC | ≥ 99.9 | 60 nm | 38 nm | 6.13 | 0.09 | Shanghai ChaoWei-Nano Co., Ltd |
(Ti, W)C | ≥ 99.9 | 1.5 μm | - | 5.19 | 0.08 | |
Co | ≥ 99.9 | 500 nm | 130 nm | - | 0.09 |
Table 1 Charactristics of WC, (Ti, W)C and Co raw powders
Powder | Purity (%) | Particle size, dLPSA | Particle size, dBET | C content (wt%) | O content (wt%) | Manufacturer |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
WC | ≥ 99.9 | 60 nm | 38 nm | 6.13 | 0.09 | Shanghai ChaoWei-Nano Co., Ltd |
(Ti, W)C | ≥ 99.9 | 1.5 μm | - | 5.19 | 0.08 | |
Co | ≥ 99.9 | 500 nm | 130 nm | - | 0.09 |
Cemented carbides | Symbol | WC | (Ti, W)C | Co | VC | Cr3C2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
WC-10(Ti, W)C-8Co | TW10 | Bal. | 10 | 8 | 0.4 | 0.4 |
WC-20(Ti, W)C-8Co | TW20 | Bal. | 20 | 8 | 0.4 | 0.4 |
WC-30(Ti, W)C-8Co | TW30 | Bal. | 30 | 8 | 0.4 | 0.4 |
WC-40(Ti, W)C-8Co | TW40 | Bal. | 40 | 8 | 0.4 | 0.4 |
Table 2 Compositions and symbols of sintered samples (wt%)
Cemented carbides | Symbol | WC | (Ti, W)C | Co | VC | Cr3C2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
WC-10(Ti, W)C-8Co | TW10 | Bal. | 10 | 8 | 0.4 | 0.4 |
WC-20(Ti, W)C-8Co | TW20 | Bal. | 20 | 8 | 0.4 | 0.4 |
WC-30(Ti, W)C-8Co | TW30 | Bal. | 30 | 8 | 0.4 | 0.4 |
WC-40(Ti, W)C-8Co | TW40 | Bal. | 40 | 8 | 0.4 | 0.4 |
Fig.4 SEM images showing microstructures of WC-(Ti, W)C-Co: (a) TW10 sintered at 1250 °C, (b) TW10 sintered at 1350 °C, (c) TW20 sintered at 1250 °C, (d) TW20 sintered at 1350 °C, (e) TW30 sintered at 1250 °C, (f) TW30 sintered at 1350 °C, (g) TW40 sintered at 1250 °C, (h) TW40 sintered at 1350 °C
Area-No | 1250 °C | 1350 °C | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C | Ti | W | Ti-to-W ratio | C | Ti | W | Ti-to-W ratio | ||
S1 (rim) | at.% | 59.45 | 24.74 | 15.81 | 61:39 | 55.20 | 23.16 | 21.64 | 52:48 |
wt% | 14.86 | 24.65 | 60.49 | 11.53 | 19.26 | 69.18 | |||
S2 (core) | at.% | 58.71 | 24.36 | 16.93 | 59:41 | 54.73 | 28.99 | 16.28 | 64:36 |
wt% | 14.15 | 23.40 | 62.45 | 13.05 | 27.56 | 59.39 | |||
S3 (rim) | at.% | 60.35 | 24.58 | 15.07 | 62:38 | 55.35 | 23.41 | 21.24 | 52:48 |
wt% | 15.52 | 25.18 | 59.30 | 11.68 | 19.71 | 68.61 |
Table 3 SEM-EDS results of (Ti, W)C grains in sample TW20
Area-No | 1250 °C | 1350 °C | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C | Ti | W | Ti-to-W ratio | C | Ti | W | Ti-to-W ratio | ||
S1 (rim) | at.% | 59.45 | 24.74 | 15.81 | 61:39 | 55.20 | 23.16 | 21.64 | 52:48 |
wt% | 14.86 | 24.65 | 60.49 | 11.53 | 19.26 | 69.18 | |||
S2 (core) | at.% | 58.71 | 24.36 | 16.93 | 59:41 | 54.73 | 28.99 | 16.28 | 64:36 |
wt% | 14.15 | 23.40 | 62.45 | 13.05 | 27.56 | 59.39 | |||
S3 (rim) | at.% | 60.35 | 24.58 | 15.07 | 62:38 | 55.35 | 23.41 | 21.24 | 52:48 |
wt% | 15.52 | 25.18 | 59.30 | 11.68 | 19.71 | 68.61 |
TiC additions (wt%) | Binder phases (wt%) | Hardness (GPa) | KIC (MPa m1/2) | Sintering technology |
---|---|---|---|---|
16TiC [ | 6Co | 20.2 | - | Vacuum sintering |
5TiC [ | 6Co | 19.8 | 10.1 | Hot pressing sintering |
25TiC [ | 10Ni | 19.5 | 8.3 | Vacuum sintering |
[ | 8Co | 18.9 | 9.8 | Rapid omni compaction |
[ | 8Co | 16.2 | 9.6 | - |
[ | 8Co | 14.5 | 10.8 | - |
[ | 8Co | 19.0 | 9.6 | - |
[ | 12Co | 18.0 | 10.6 | Spark plasma sintering |
[ | 12Co | 18.9 | 10.2 | Spark plasma sintering |
[ | 12Co | 18.3 | 10.5 | Hot isostatic pressing |
20(Ti, W)Ca | 8Co | 21.3 | 9.8 | Spark plasma sintering |
Table 4 Mechanical properties of some ultrafine cemented carbides
TiC additions (wt%) | Binder phases (wt%) | Hardness (GPa) | KIC (MPa m1/2) | Sintering technology |
---|---|---|---|---|
16TiC [ | 6Co | 20.2 | - | Vacuum sintering |
5TiC [ | 6Co | 19.8 | 10.1 | Hot pressing sintering |
25TiC [ | 10Ni | 19.5 | 8.3 | Vacuum sintering |
[ | 8Co | 18.9 | 9.8 | Rapid omni compaction |
[ | 8Co | 16.2 | 9.6 | - |
[ | 8Co | 14.5 | 10.8 | - |
[ | 8Co | 19.0 | 9.6 | - |
[ | 12Co | 18.0 | 10.6 | Spark plasma sintering |
[ | 12Co | 18.9 | 10.2 | Spark plasma sintering |
[ | 12Co | 18.3 | 10.5 | Hot isostatic pressing |
20(Ti, W)Ca | 8Co | 21.3 | 9.8 | Spark plasma sintering |
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