Galvanic Corrosion Behavior of Copper-Drawn Steel for Grounding Grids in the Acidic Red Soil Simulated Solution

doi:10.1007/s40195-020-01071-7

Abstract

Abstract:

The influence of pH and metallographic structure on the corrosion behavior of copper-drawn steel is studied with the simulated system. The effect of pH on the corrosion behavior of copper-drawn steel has been investigated using open-circuit potential, potentiodynamic polarization, galvanic current measurement, scanning electron microscopy and scanning vibrating electrode technique techniques. The steel is corroded as anode, while the corrosion of copper plate is protected as cathode. All the results revealed that pH and metallographic structure had a significant influence on the corrosion behavior of copper-drawn steel. With the decrease in pH value from 6 to 2.4, the corrosion rate of copper-drawn steel galvanic couple (Cu-Fe GC) obviously increased in the simulated solution of acidic red soil. The electric field formed by the Cu-Fe GC changes the direction of ion migration between the copper and drawn steel electrodes, which impacts the composition and microstructure of corrosion products formed on the electrode surface.

Key words: Cu-Fe galvanic couple, Electrochemical test, Scanning vibrating electrode technique (SVET) measurement, Soil corrosion

Xiao-Lei Fan, Yun-Xiang Chen, Jun-Xi Zhang, De-Yuan Lin, Xuan-Xuan Liu, Xiao-Jian Xia. Galvanic Corrosion Behavior of Copper-Drawn Steel for Grounding Grids in the Acidic Red Soil Simulated Solution[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2020, 33(11): 1571-1582.

Figures/Tables 14

Table 1 Chemical composition (mass%) of the drawn steel 20 used in this work

C	Si	Mn	S	P	Cr	Ni	Cu	Fe
0.20	0.21	0.43	0.020	0.023	0.17	0.21	0.12	Bal.

Fig. 1 Schematics of top view of the galvanic couple electrode wrapped by epoxy resin: a electrochemical test, b SVET test

Table 2 Chemical composition (g/L) of the solution in this work

NaCl	Na₂SO₄	NaHCO₃
0.138	0.08	0.014

Fig. 2 OCP curves as a function of time in simulated solution with different pH values for: a Cu, b Fe, c Cu-Fe GC

Fig. 3 Polarization curves for: Cu, Fe and Cu-Fe GC immersed in the solution with different pH values: a pH = 2.4, b pH = 4.4, c pH = 6 at a scanning rate of 0.1667 mV/s

Fig. 4 Galvanic curves density of the Cu-Fe GC immersed in the solution with: a pH = 2.4, b pH = 4.4, c pH = 6. The galvanic curve densities calculated by formula (3) are a 35.7232 μA/cm2, b 23.5919 μA/cm2, c 20.8616 μA/cm2

Fig. 5 Weight loss of drawn steel 20 in the simulated solution with different pH values for 48 h

Table 3 Galvanic effect of drawn steel 20 calculated by two methods

pH	Electrochemical process (\(\gamma_{1}\))	Weight loss method (\(\gamma_{2}\))	Ratio between the two methods (\(\gamma_{1} /\gamma_{2}\))
2.4	0.3253094	1.34328	0.2421754
4.4	1.478432	1.48387	0.99633
6	1.739559	1.8	0.96642162

Fig. 6 Relationships between the potential of the drawn steel 20 without coupling with copper and Cu-Fe GC and time in the solution with different pH values

Fig. 7 Raman spectra of rust formed on drawn steel 20 coupled with copper immersed in the simulated solution with: a pH = 2.4, b pH = 4.4, c pH = 6

Fig. 8 Ionic current maps determined above the Cu-Fe GC immersed in the simulated solution with: a pH = 2.4, b pH = 4.4, c pH = 6. The left side is drawn steel 20 electrode, and the right side is copper electrode

Fig. 9 Metallographic structure of cold-drawn steel: a crosswise (partial enlargement of b), b crosswise, c longitudinal (partial enlargement of d), d longitudinal

Fig. 10 SEM images of the drawn steel 20 in the Cu-Fe GC after immersing in the simulated solution for 48 h: the surface without removing corrosion products of drawn steel 20 immersing in the simulated solution with a pH = 2.4, b pH = 4.4, c pH = 6 and the cross section of drawn steel 20 immersing in the simulated solution with d pH = 2.4, e pH = 4.4, f pH = 6 (the insets in d, e, f are partial enlargement)

Fig. 11 SEM images of the drawn steel 20 not coupled with copper after immersing in the simulated solution for 48 h: the surface without removing corrosion products of drawn steel 20 immersing in the simulated solution with a pH = 2.4, b pH = 4.4, c pH = 6 and the cross section of drawn steel 20 immersing in the simulated solution with d pH = 2.4, e pH = 4.4, f pH = 6

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