Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters) ›› 2018, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (8): 785-797.DOI: 10.1007/s40195-018-0758-9
Special Issue: 2018年钢铁材料专辑; 2018年腐蚀专辑
• Orginal Article • Next Articles
Jia-Long Tian1,2, Wei Wang2(), M. Babar Shahzad2, Wei Yan2, Yi-Yin Shan2, Zhou-Hua Jian3, Ke Yang2
Received:
2018-03-08
Revised:
2018-04-19
Online:
2018-08-10
Published:
2018-07-27
Jia-Long Tian, Wei Wang, M. Babar Shahzad, Wei Yan, Yi-Yin Shan, Zhou-Hua Jian, Ke Yang. Corrosion Resistance of Co-containing Maraging Stainless Steel[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2018, 31(8): 785-797.
Add to citation manager EndNote|Ris|BibTeX
Maraging stainless steel | C | Cr | Ni | Co | Mo | Others | UTS (MPa) | Corrosion resistance |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Custom 475 [ | 0.01 | 10.8 | 8.1 | 8.5 | 5.1 | Al(1.2) | 2006 | Lower |
FerriumS53 [ | 0.21 | 10.0 | 5.5 | 14.0 | 2.0 | W(1.0)V(0.3) | 1986 | Lower |
Custom 465 [ | 0.0046 | 10.7 | 10.9 | - | 0.86 | Ti(1.4); Al(0.04) | 1779 | Normal |
1RK91 [ | 0.01 | 12.2 | 8.99 | - | 4.02 | Ti(0.87)Cu(1.95)Al(0.33) | 1700 | Normal |
PH13-8Mo [ | 0.03 | 12.43 | 8.39 | - | 2.15 | Al(0.97)Ti(0.067) | 1551 | Better |
17-4 PH [ | 0.023 | 15.7 | 4.89 | - | 0.21 | Cu(3.65) | 1399 | Better |
15-5 PH [ | 0.041 | 14.8 | 4.87 | 0.08 | - | Cu(3.10)Nb(0.30) | 1325 | Better |
Table 1 Compositions (wt%), UTS and corrosion resistance of some typical maraging stainless steels
Maraging stainless steel | C | Cr | Ni | Co | Mo | Others | UTS (MPa) | Corrosion resistance |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Custom 475 [ | 0.01 | 10.8 | 8.1 | 8.5 | 5.1 | Al(1.2) | 2006 | Lower |
FerriumS53 [ | 0.21 | 10.0 | 5.5 | 14.0 | 2.0 | W(1.0)V(0.3) | 1986 | Lower |
Custom 465 [ | 0.0046 | 10.7 | 10.9 | - | 0.86 | Ti(1.4); Al(0.04) | 1779 | Normal |
1RK91 [ | 0.01 | 12.2 | 8.99 | - | 4.02 | Ti(0.87)Cu(1.95)Al(0.33) | 1700 | Normal |
PH13-8Mo [ | 0.03 | 12.43 | 8.39 | - | 2.15 | Al(0.97)Ti(0.067) | 1551 | Better |
17-4 PH [ | 0.023 | 15.7 | 4.89 | - | 0.21 | Cu(3.65) | 1399 | Better |
15-5 PH [ | 0.041 | 14.8 | 4.87 | 0.08 | - | Cu(3.10)Nb(0.30) | 1325 | Better |
Maraging stainless steel | C | Cr | Ni | Co | Mo | Ti | Al | Fe |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MSS1 | 0.002 | 13.51 | 4.61 | 12.67 | 3.32 | 0.49 | 0.19 | Bal. |
MSS2 | 0.003 | 13.35 | 4.68 | 7.22 | 3.53 | 0.52 | 0.26 | Bal. |
Table 2 Compositions of the maraging stainless steels used in current study (wt%)
Maraging stainless steel | C | Cr | Ni | Co | Mo | Ti | Al | Fe |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MSS1 | 0.002 | 13.51 | 4.61 | 12.67 | 3.32 | 0.49 | 0.19 | Bal. |
MSS2 | 0.003 | 13.35 | 4.68 | 7.22 | 3.53 | 0.52 | 0.26 | Bal. |
Defect area, A(%) | 17-4PH | 15-5PH | PH13-8Mo | MSS2 | MSS1 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
? | 0 | 1.22 | 0 | 0 | 8.39 |
? | 0 | 0.20 | 0 | 0 | 13.32 |
? | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 18.04 |
Average | 0 | 0.47 | 0 | 0 | 13.25 |
Protection rating (Rp) | 10 | 7 | 10 | 10 | 2 |
Description | No surface defects | Surface slightly dark 0.25%-0.5% | No surface defects | No surface defects | Moderate surface rust 10%-25% |
Table 3 Protection rating of the four steels after neutral salt spray test for 144 h
Defect area, A(%) | 17-4PH | 15-5PH | PH13-8Mo | MSS2 | MSS1 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
? | 0 | 1.22 | 0 | 0 | 8.39 |
? | 0 | 0.20 | 0 | 0 | 13.32 |
? | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 18.04 |
Average | 0 | 0.47 | 0 | 0 | 13.25 |
Protection rating (Rp) | 10 | 7 | 10 | 10 | 2 |
Description | No surface defects | Surface slightly dark 0.25%-0.5% | No surface defects | No surface defects | Moderate surface rust 10%-25% |
Parameters | 17-4PH | 15-5PH | PH13-8Mo | MSS2 | MSS1 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ecorr (mV) | - 149 | - 216 | - 320 | - 248 | - 371 |
Icorr (μA cm-2) | 0.1 | 1.1 | 3.4 | 0.8 | 13.4 |
Table 4 Free-corrosion potential and free-corrosion current density of different steels tested in 3.5% NaCl solution
Parameters | 17-4PH | 15-5PH | PH13-8Mo | MSS2 | MSS1 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ecorr (mV) | - 149 | - 216 | - 320 | - 248 | - 371 |
Icorr (μA cm-2) | 0.1 | 1.1 | 3.4 | 0.8 | 13.4 |
Fig. 6 High-resolution spectra for a Co 2p, b Ni 2p after 30 s etching of passive film formed on the MSS1, c Cr 2p after 10 s etching of passive film formed on the MSS2
Fig. 7 Type and size of main strengthening phases in the aged a 15-5PH [28], b MSS1 [29], cMSS2. For 15-5PH, NbN is depicted by 0.3 at.% (N + Nb) isoconcentration surface (cyan surface), Cr-rich region is depicted by 25 at.% Cr isoconcentration surface (dark yellow surface), the Cu atoms are depicted by red points. For MSS1, Ni3Ti is depicted by 35 at.% (Ni + Ti) isoconcentration surface (blue surface), the Cr atoms are depicted by purple points, the Mo atoms are depicted by red points. For MSS2, Ni3Ti is depicted by 35 at.% (Ni + Ti) isoconcentration surface (green surface), Mo-rich phase is depicted by 5 at.% Mo isoconcentration surface (red surface), the Cr atoms are depicted by pink points
Fig. 9 APT Cr atom mapping of the MSS1 steel aged at 500 °C at different time. All the analyzed volumes are with the dimensions of 30 nm × 30 nm × 60 nm
Fig. 10 Concentration distribution of Cr atoms for the MSS1 aged at 500 °C at different time. Dashed line is envelope of Gaussian distribution whose mathematical expectation is same with Cr content in the experimental steel (13.53 at.%)
Fig. 12 Surface morphology observation of MSS1 at different aging conditions after 35% HNO3passivation for different time. a, b, c, d are CT specimens passivated for 0 min, 30 min, 60 min, 90 min; e, f, g, h are AT-8 h specimens passivated for 0 min, 30 min, 60 min, 90 min; i, j, k, l are AT-12 h specimens passivated for 0 min, 30 min, 60 min, 90 min
Fig. 14 Surface height fluctuation for different specimens in Fig. 12. a is taken from Fig. 12a; b is taken from Fig. 12d; c is taken from Fig. 12h; d is taken from Fig. 12l
System | Dispersed | Clustered | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
μˉFe | μˉCr | μD | E D | μˉFe | μCr | μˉCr | μC | E C | ΔE | |
Fe45Cr7 | 2.241 | - 1.614 | 93.726 | - 453.864 | 2.269 | - 0.032 | - 0.845 | 102.231 | - 453.624 | - 0.240 |
Fe42Co3Cr7 | 2.297 | - 1.662 | 93.643 | - 459.265 | 2.318 | - 0.051 | - 0.785 | 193.412 | - 459.747 | - 0.482 |
Table 5 Detailed information of calculation results in both systems. μˉFe denotes average magnetic moment of all Fe atoms; μC and μD denote total magnetic moment of clustered and dispersed configuration, respectively; For dispersed, μˉCr denotes the average magnetic moment of all Cr atoms; For clustered, μCr denotes the magnetic moment of central Cr atom,μˉCr denotes the average magnetic moment of Cr atoms that surround the central Cr atom. EC and ED denote total energy of clustered and dispersed configuration, respectively; ΔE denotes the cluster-formation energy which is generated from the equation ΔE = EC - ED. The magnetic moments are given in μB and the energy in eV
System | Dispersed | Clustered | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
μˉFe | μˉCr | μD | E D | μˉFe | μCr | μˉCr | μC | E C | ΔE | |
Fe45Cr7 | 2.241 | - 1.614 | 93.726 | - 453.864 | 2.269 | - 0.032 | - 0.845 | 102.231 | - 453.624 | - 0.240 |
Fe42Co3Cr7 | 2.297 | - 1.662 | 93.643 | - 459.265 | 2.318 | - 0.051 | - 0.785 | 193.412 | - 459.747 | - 0.482 |
|
[1] | Dong-Dong Gu, Jian Peng, Jia-Wen Wang, Zheng-Tao Liu, Fu-Sheng Pan. Effect of Mn Modification on the Corrosion Susceptibility of Mg-Mn Alloys by Magnesium Scrap [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2021, 34(1): 1-11. |
[2] | Zheng-Zheng Yin, Zhao-Qi Zhang, Xiu-Juan Tian, Zhen-Lin Wang, Rong-Chang Zeng. Corrosion Resistance and Durability of Superhydrophobic Coating on AZ31 Mg Alloy via One-Step Electrodeposition [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2021, 34(1): 25-38. |
[3] | Yuanyuan Liu, Zhongmin Lang, Jinlong Cui, Shengli An. Performance of Nb0.8Zr0.2 Layer-Modified AISI430 Stainless Steel as Bipolar Plates for Direct Formic Acid Fuel Cells [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2021, 34(1): 77-84. |
[4] | Tong Zhang, Ying Han, Wen Wang, Yang Gao, Ying Song, Xu Ran. Influence of Aging Time on Microstructure and Corrosion Behavior of a Cu-Bearing 17Cr-1Si-0.5Nb Ferritic Heat-Resistant Stainless Steel [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2020, 33(9): 1289-1301. |
[5] | Xigang Yang, Yun Zhou, Ruihua Zhu, Shengqi Xi, Cheng He, Hongjing Wu, Yuan Gao. A Novel, Amorphous, Non-equiatomic FeCrAlCuNiSi High-Entropy Alloy with Exceptional Corrosion Resistance and Mechanical Properties [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2020, 33(8): 1057-1063. |
[6] | Fushi Jiang, Chang Pang, Zhaoyang Zheng, Qing Wang, Jijun Zhao, Chuang Dong. First-Principles Calculations for Stable β-Ti-Mo Alloys Using Cluster-Plus-Glue-Atom Model [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2020, 33(7): 968-974. |
[7] | P. F. Zhou, D. H. Xiao, T. C. Yuan. Microstructure, Mechanical and Corrosion Properties of AlCoCrFeNi High-Entropy Alloy Prepared by Spark Plasma Sintering [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2020, 33(7): 937-946. |
[8] | Li-Mei Liu, Yu-Xiang Lai, Chun-Hui Liu, Jiang-Hua Chen. Optimized Combinatorial Properties of an AlMgSi(Cu) Alloy Achieved by a Mechanical-Thermal Combinatorial Process [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2020, 33(5): 751-758. |
[9] | Haifei Zhou, Zhouhai Qian, Mengcheng Zhou, Xuebing Liu, Yong Li, Xinfang Zhang. Synergistic Balance of Strength and Corrosion Resistance in Al-Mg-Er Alloys [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2020, 33(5): 659-670. |
[10] | Jing-Jing Dong, Lin Fan, Hai-Bing Zhang, Li-Kun Xu, Li-Li Xue. Electrochemical Performance of Passive Film Formed on Ti-Al-Nb-Zr Alloy in Simulated Deep Sea Environments [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2020, 33(4): 595-604. |
[11] | Hao-Yi Niu, Fang-Fang Cao, Kun-Kun Deng, Kai-Bo Nie, Jin-Wen Kang, Hong-Wei Wang. Microstructure and Corrosion Behavior of the As-Extruded Mg-4Zn-2Gd-0.5Ca Alloy [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2020, 33(3): 362-374. |
[12] | Zhu Wang, Zi-Ru Zhang, Lei Zhang, Zhe Feng, Min-Xu Lu. Comparison Study on the Semiconductive and Dissolution Behaviour of 316L and Alloy 625 in Hydrochloric Acid Solution [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2020, 33(3): 403-414. |
[13] | Yixun Yang, Qingchuan Wang, Jun Li, Lili Tan, Ke Yang. Enhancing General Corrosion Resistance of Biomedical High Nitrogen Nickel-Free Stainless Steel by Nitric Acid Passivation [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2020, 33(2): 307-312. |
[14] | Yong Zhang, Zi-Ran Liu, Ding-Wang Yuan, Qin Shao, Jiang-Hua Chen, Cui-Lan Wu, Zao-Li Zhang. Elastic Properties and Stacking Fault Energies of Borides, Carbides and Nitrides from First-Principles Calculations [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2019, 32(9): 1099-1110. |
[15] | Yu-Fen Zhang, Sha-Wei Tang, Tie-Gui Lin, Guang-Yi Liu, Jin Hu. Corrosion Properties of Calcium Stearate-Based Hydrophobic Coatings on Anodized Magnesium Alloy [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2019, 32(9): 1111-1121. |
Viewed | ||||||
Full text |
|
|||||
Abstract |
|
|||||