Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters) ›› 2017, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (7): 601-613.DOI: 10.1007/s40195-017-0545-z
Special Issue: 2017腐蚀虚拟专辑; 2017年钢铁材料专辑
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Xian-Bo Shi1,2, Wei Yan1, Mao-Cheng Yan1, Wei Wang1, Zhen-Guo Yang1, Yi-Yin Shan1(), Ke Yang1(
)
Received:
2016-11-24
Revised:
2017-01-09
Online:
2017-07-20
Published:
2017-08-22
About author:
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Xian-Bo Shi, Wei Yan, Mao-Cheng Yan, Wei Wang, Zhen-Guo Yang, Yi-Yin Shan, Ke Yang. Effect of Cu Addition in Pipeline Steels on Microstructure, Mechanical Properties and Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2017, 30(7): 601-613.
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Steel | C | Si | Mn | Mo | Cu | Ni | Nb | S | P | Other |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1.0Cu | 0.031 | 0.14 | 1.09 | 0.31 | 1.06 | 0.32 | 0.05 | 0.0011 | 0.005 | 0.32Cr |
1.5Cu | 0.019 | 0.12 | 1.03 | 0.31 | 1.46 | 0.31 | 0.05 | 0.0011 | 0.005 | 0.31Cr |
2.0Cu | 0.023 | 0.13 | 1.06 | 0.30 | 2.00 | 0.30 | 0.05 | 0.0010 | 0.005 | 0.30Cr |
X80 | 0.028 | 0.28 | 1.90 | 0.22 | 0.20 | 0.29 | 0.08 | 0.0020 | 0.012 | 0.03V |
Table 1 Chemical compositions of the experimental steels (wt%)
Steel | C | Si | Mn | Mo | Cu | Ni | Nb | S | P | Other |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1.0Cu | 0.031 | 0.14 | 1.09 | 0.31 | 1.06 | 0.32 | 0.05 | 0.0011 | 0.005 | 0.32Cr |
1.5Cu | 0.019 | 0.12 | 1.03 | 0.31 | 1.46 | 0.31 | 0.05 | 0.0011 | 0.005 | 0.31Cr |
2.0Cu | 0.023 | 0.13 | 1.06 | 0.30 | 2.00 | 0.30 | 0.05 | 0.0010 | 0.005 | 0.30Cr |
X80 | 0.028 | 0.28 | 1.90 | 0.22 | 0.20 | 0.29 | 0.08 | 0.0020 | 0.012 | 0.03V |
Steel | Interpass reduction in thickness (mm) and rolling temperature (oC) | Accelerated cooling | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
78 → 62 | 62 → 45 | 45 → 30 | 30 → 24 | 24 → 16 | 16 → 11 | 11 → 9 | Water cooling rate (oC/s) | Finishing temperature (oC) | |
1.0Cu | 1025 | * | * | 894 | * | * | 835 | 24 | 420 |
1.5Cu | 1030 | * | * | 930 | * | * | 814 | 20 | 416 |
2.0Cu | 1019 | * | * | 923 | * | * | 830 | 27 | 414 |
Table 2 Procedure of the thermomechanical control process (TMCP) for the Cu-modified pipeline steels
Steel | Interpass reduction in thickness (mm) and rolling temperature (oC) | Accelerated cooling | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
78 → 62 | 62 → 45 | 45 → 30 | 30 → 24 | 24 → 16 | 16 → 11 | 11 → 9 | Water cooling rate (oC/s) | Finishing temperature (oC) | |
1.0Cu | 1025 | * | * | 894 | * | * | 835 | 24 | 420 |
1.5Cu | 1030 | * | * | 930 | * | * | 814 | 20 | 416 |
2.0Cu | 1019 | * | * | 923 | * | * | 830 | 27 | 414 |
pH | Chemical composition | Organic content | Whole nitrogen content | Total salt content | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
NO3- | Cl- | SO42- | HCO3- | Ca2+ | Mg2+ | K+ | Na+ | ||||
7.75 | 46 | 31 | 48 | 234 | 57 | 32 | 2 | 14 | 2.26 × 104 | 910 | 464 |
Table 3 Compositions of the used soil (μg/kg soil)
pH | Chemical composition | Organic content | Whole nitrogen content | Total salt content | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
NO3- | Cl- | SO42- | HCO3- | Ca2+ | Mg2+ | K+ | Na+ | ||||
7.75 | 46 | 31 | 48 | 234 | 57 | 32 | 2 | 14 | 2.26 × 104 | 910 | 464 |
Steel | 450 °C | 500 °C | 550 °C | 600 °C |
---|---|---|---|---|
1.0Cu | 58.0 | 41.0 | 36.3 | 24.0 |
1.5Cu | 70.0 | 54.6 | 50.3 | 41.3 |
2.0Cu | 65.3 | 53.5 | 44.3 | 28.0 |
Table 4 Increase in hardness (HV) due to peak-aging at different aging temperatures
Steel | 450 °C | 500 °C | 550 °C | 600 °C |
---|---|---|---|---|
1.0Cu | 58.0 | 41.0 | 36.3 | 24.0 |
1.5Cu | 70.0 | 54.6 | 50.3 | 41.3 |
2.0Cu | 65.3 | 53.5 | 44.3 | 28.0 |
Steel | Yield strength (MPa) | Tensile strength (MPa) | Elongation (%) | Impact toughness (-20 °C) (J) |
---|---|---|---|---|
1.0Cu | 443 | 651 | 30.0 | 141 |
1.5Cu | 513 | 645 | 28.0 | 82 |
2.0Cu | 608 | 759 | 25.0 | 66 |
X80 | 608 | 677 | 23.5 | 140 |
Table 5 Mechanical properties of the as-rolled steels
Steel | Yield strength (MPa) | Tensile strength (MPa) | Elongation (%) | Impact toughness (-20 °C) (J) |
---|---|---|---|---|
1.0Cu | 443 | 651 | 30.0 | 141 |
1.5Cu | 513 | 645 | 28.0 | 82 |
2.0Cu | 608 | 759 | 25.0 | 66 |
X80 | 608 | 677 | 23.5 | 140 |
Fig. 4 Variation of yield strength (YS) and tensile strength (TS) with Cu content for the as-rolled and aged (450 °C/6 h, 500 °C/1 h, 550 °C/1 h) steels. Open and filled symbols represent YS and TS, respectively
Fig. 7 SEM microstructures of Cu-modified pipeline steels and the X80 steel, a 1.0Cu steel as-rolled; b 1.5Cu steel as-rolled; c 2.0Cu steel as-rolled; d X80 steel as-rolled; e1.0Cu steel 500 °C/1 h; f 1.5Cu steel 500 °C/1 h; g 2.0Cu steel 500 °C/1 h; h X80 steel 500 °C/1 h
Fig. 8 Bright-field TEM micrographs showing nanoscale copper-rich precipitates in the 2.0Cu steel under different aging conditions, a 450 °C/6 h; b 500 °C/10 min; c 500 °C/5 h; d 550 °C/10 min; e 550 °C/1 h; f 550 °C/5 h
Fig. 14 Schematic illustrations of the crack propagation path in quasi-polygonal ferrite (QF) of the 1.5Cu steel a and acicular ferrite (AF) of the 2.0Cu steel b
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