In situ Formed Fan-Shaped Nanowires in Biomorphic SiO2: A Multidimensional Composite of Hierarchical Porous Material and Organic Pollutant Adsorption Behavior

doi:10.1007/s40195-016-0525-8

Abstract

Abstract:

Fan-shaped SiO₂ nanowires modified SiO₂@C composites with a bio-inspired hierarchical porous structure and a high accessible surface area were prepared by in situ molten salt template method. The combination of biogenic hierarchical porous structure and one-dimensional nanostructure with similar features was successfully obtained by one-pot heat treatment in the presence of rice husk SiO₂ with SiO₂ acting as precursor and ZnCl₂ acting as molten salt and growth template. A large amount of fan-shaped SiO₂ nanowires with numerous tiny branches sprouting from the central nanowires were grown in the inter-porous epidermis and on the surface of rice husk SiO₂ for temperatures up to 1200 °C. The in situ ZnCl₂ molten salt template base-growth mechanism is responsible for the initial formation of SiO₂/ZnCl₂ co-melting nanowires and the subsequent growth of fan-shaped SiO₂ nanowires. The as-prepared samples have been successfully employed as organic absorbers with high efficiency in the field of wastewater treatment.

Key words: Agricultural waste, Fan-shaped SiO₂ nanowires, Rice husk, Biomorphic porous SiO₂, Waste water

Hui Chen,Lei Zhao,Xuan He,Guang-Hui Wang,Xi-Tang Wang,Wei Fang,Xing Du. In situ Formed Fan-Shaped Nanowires in Biomorphic SiO₂: A Multidimensional Composite of Hierarchical Porous Material and Organic Pollutant Adsorption Behavior[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2017, 30(2): 104-112.

Figures/Tables 7

Fig. 1 XRD patterns a, FT-IR spectra b and nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms c pore size distribution d of specimens containing 1 wt% R-Ni synthesized at various temperatures

Table 1 BET parameters obtained from nitrogen adsorption studies

Temperature (°C)	S_BET (m²/g)	V_t (cm³/g)	D_p (nm)
1100	10.5.031	0.166	1.9124
1200	971.518	0.159	1.9051
1300	786.347	0.282	1.9105

Fig. 2 a, c, e low- and b, d, f high-magnification SEM images of specimens heated at 1100 °C a, b and 1200 °C c-f; g TEM image (the inset is its EDX) f magnified TEM image (The inset is its SAED) of SiO2 nanowire

Scheme 1 Schematic interpretation of multistep formation mechanism of fan-shaped SiO2 nanowires modified biomorphic porous SiO2 with RH

Fig. 3 a, c low- and b, d high-magnification SEM images (the inset is its EDX) of specimens containing 1 wt% R-Ni treated at 700 °C a, b and at 900 °C c, d; The low- e high- f magnification SEM images of specimens without R-Ni addition treated at 1200 °C

Fig. 4 a Equilibrium adsorption isotherms of RhB on specimens containing 1 wt% R-Ni treated at 1200 °C at different temperatures, b pseudo-second-order kinetics for adsorption of RhB at different temperatures, c Weber and Morris intra-particle diffusion plot kinetics for adsorption of RhB at different temperatures (concentration of RhB = 240 mg/L, mass of adsorbent = 0.1000 g, volume of RhB = 100.0 mL)

Table 2 Kinetic parameters for the adsorption of RhB at different temperatures (concentration of RhB = 240 mg/L, mass of absorbent = 0.1000 g, volume of RhB = 100.0 mL)

Adsorption condition (Temperature (K))	q_e,exp (mg/g)	Pseudo-first-order model			Pseudo-second-order model			Intra-particle diffusion model
Adsorption condition (Temperature (K))	q_e,exp (mg/g)	k₁ (× 10^-3/min^-1)	q_e,cal (mg/g)	R²	K₂ (× 10^-3 mg/(g min^-1))	q_e,cal (mg/g)	R²	K_i₁ (mg/(g min^-1))	C	R²	K_i₂ (mg/(g min^-1))	C	R²
303	221.4	3.29	73.45	0.9556	0.041	251.9	0.9891	6.94	54.1	0.9468	0.89	209.3	0.8644
313	231.0	3.73	117.6	0.9756	0.070	250.0	0.9991	7.49	78.5	0.9702	2.27	172.8	0.9210
323	232.1	4.00	149.88	0.8927	0.13	243.3	0.9997	7.49	106.2	0.9515	3.05	143.8	0.7791

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In situ Formed Fan-Shaped Nanowires in Biomorphic SiO₂: A Multidimensional Composite of Hierarchical Porous Material and Organic Pollutant Adsorption Behavior

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