Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance, Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites: 0.5(BiLa x Fe1-x O3)-0.5(PbTiO3)

doi:10.1007/s40195-015-0268-y

Abstract

Abstract:

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite-lead titanate compositions of 0.5(BiLa _x Fe_1-_x O₃)-0.5(PbTiO₃) (x = 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20) (BL _x F_1-_x -PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method. Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature. The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05-0.20) concentration of the composites. The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism, conductivity, relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range (10²-10⁶ Hz) at different temperatures. The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only, and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites. The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials. The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied, and the activation energy found to be 0.81, 0.77, 0.76 and 0.74 eV for all compositions of x = 0.05-0.20 at different temperatures (200-300 °C).

Key words: X-ray, diffraction, Composite, materials, Impedance, spectroscopy, Modulus, studies, Activation, energy, Relaxation, phenomena

Ajay Kumar Behera, N. K. Mohanty, S. K. Satpathy, Banarji Behera, P. Nayak. Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance, Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites: 0.5(BiLa _x Fe_1-_x O₃)-0.5(PbTiO₃)[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2015, 28(7): 847-857.

Figures/Tables 13

Fig. 1 X-ray diffraction patterns of 0.5BiLa x Fe1-x O3-0.5PbTiO3 (BL x F1-x -PT) (x = 0.05-0.20) at room temperature

Table 1 Values of lattice parameters (10-1 nm) of 0.5BiLa x Fe1-x O3-0.5PbTiO3 (x = 0.05-0.20)

Parameter (10^-1 nm)	x = 0.05	x = 0.10	x = 0.15	x = 0.20
a	3.8899	3.8999	3.9015	3.9051
c	4.2611	4.2451	4.1985	4.1699
c/a	1.0954	1.0885	1.0761	1.0678

Fig. 2 Complex impedance plot (Z′ vs. Z″) in the temperature range 200-300 °C: a x = 0.05, b x = 0.10, c x = 0.15, d x = 0.20

Table 2 Summarizing of fitting parameters corresponding to equivalent circuit R[CR(QR)] at 200 °C of Fig. 2a-d

Parameter	x = 0.05	x = 0.10	x = 0.15	x = 0.20
R ₁ (Ω)	165.9	54.46	76.4	51.67
R ₂	1.909 × 10^-6	2.503 × 10^-5	4.264 × 10^-5	1.434 × 10^-5
R ₃	8652	3416	1.155E-4	8588
C (F)	1.09 × 10^-10	1.154 × 10^-10	6.715 × 10^-11	1.116 × 10^-10
CPE (Y _o)	3.232 × 10^-4	2.514 × 10^-9	1.048 × 10^-9	1.802 × 10^-9
Frequency power (n), (0 < n < 1)	0.7118	0.7314	0.7139	0.7211
Chi square (χ ²)	0.00795	0.02228	0.01182	0.01415

Fig. 3 Variation of Z ′ and Z″ (inset) with frequency at different temperatures: a x = 0.05, b x = 0.10, c x = 0.15, d x = 0.20

Fig. 4 Variation of relaxation time (τ) with inverse of temperature (103/T ′) calculated from impedance plot

Fig. 5 Complex modulus spectrum (M′ vs. M ″) and variation of M ′ as a function of frequency (inset) for BLxF1-x-PT with x = 0.05-0.20 at different temperatures: a x = 0.05, b x = 0.10, c x = 0.15, d x = 0.20

Fig. 6 Variation of imaginary part of electric modulus with frequency for BL x F1-x -PT (x = 0.05-0.20) at selected temperatures: a x = 0.05, b x = 0.10, c x = 0.15, d x = 0.20

Fig. 7 Variation of relaxation time (τ) as a function of reciprocal of temperature (103/T) of BL x F1-x -PT (x = 0.05-0.20) at different temperature region calculated from modulus spectrum

Fig. 8 Variation of ac conductivity with frequency at different temperatures: a x = 0.05, b x = 0.10, c x = 0.15, d x = 0.20

Table 3 Fitting parameters obtained from the Jonscher’s power law at different temperatures (200-300 °C) of 0.5BiLa x Fe1-x O3-0.5PbTiO3 (x = 0.05-0.20)

Parameter	x = 0.05	x = 0.10	x = 0.15	x = 0.20
σ _dc (Ω^-1 m^-1)	0.00001	0.00008	0.00007	0.00021
	0.00001	0.00022	0.00017	0.00055
	0.00009	0.00046	0.00048	0.0011
	0.00021	0.00117	0.00081	0.0028
	0.00055	0.00244	0.002	0.0053
A	4.6544 × 10^-8	2.257 × 10^-8	1.3834 × 10^-8	1.8507 × 10^-8
	4.6372 × 10^-8	6.708 × 10^-9	3.5372 × 10^-9	9.101 × 10^-9
	3.85 × 10^-8	2.2854 × 10^-9	1.4468 × 10^-9	1.9894 × 10^-9
	3.308 × 10^-8	1.5414 × 10^-9	7.1173 × 10^-10	8.8399 × 10^-10
	2.4661 × 10^-8	5.1239 × 10^-10	2.7167 × 10^-10	6.0555 × 10^-10
n	0.80521	0.8555	0.8446	0.86113
	0.80453	0.96555	0.9611	0.93475
	0.854	1.0555	1.04073	1.05578
	0.8777	1.08958	1.09612	1.10275
	0.911	1.16919	1.1707	1.13667
Goodness of fit (R ²)	0.99974	0.99857	0.99838	0.99798
	0.99974	0.9995	0.99838	0.99024
	0.99984	0.99741	0.97902	0.94442
	0.99973	0.96362	0.92112	0.66538
	0.99949	0.79426	0.58423	0.32043

Fig. 9 Variation of n with different temperatures (200-300 °C)

Fig. 10 Variation of dc conductivity with inverse of temperature

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Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance, Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites: 0.5(BiLa _x Fe_1-_x O₃)-0.5(PbTiO₃)

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