Corrosion Performance of Carbon Steel in CO2 Aqueous Environment Containing Silty Sand with Different Sizes

doi:10.1007/s40195-017-0645-9

Abstract

Abstract:

Corrosion performance of carbon steel in CO₂ aqueous environment containing silty sand with different sizes was investigated by immersion tests and electrochemical measurements. Silty sand could form an adsorption layer on steel surface in initial period, and the sand adsorption layer was turned into a mixture film of silty sand with corrosion product in last period. The adsorption layer in 325 mesh condition (large size) had the fewest pores for H₂CO₃ transport, exhibiting the highest cathodic current inhibition. In spite of little corrosion product, the sand adsorption film formed in 325 mesh condition induced the lowest corrosion rate. For 1000 and 5000 mesh silty sand, the sand adsorption layer had some pores for H₂CO₃ transport, leading to low cathodic current inhibition and much matrix dissolution. But the adsorption layer for 5000 mesh silty sand (small size) had the largest special surface area to accelerate heterogeneous precipitation of corrosion product FeCO₃. Therefore, the mixture film in 5000 mesh condition was more compact, exhibiting stronger anodic inhibition and lower corrosion rate than those in 1000 mesh condition.

Key words: Silty sand, Sand adsorption layer, Corrosion product film, Corrosion inhibition, Carbon steel

Songle Lu, Wei Liu, Shian Zhang, Xiaolong Qi, Xiaogang Li, Xuemin Wang. Corrosion Performance of Carbon Steel in CO₂ Aqueous Environment Containing Silty Sand with Different Sizes[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2017, 30(11): 1055-1066.

Figures/Tables 19

Table 1 Chemical composition of X70 steel (wt%)

Steel	C	Si	Mn	S	P	Nb	Mo	Ni	Fe
X70	0.055	0.20	1.52	<0.0007	0.008	0.057	0.21	0.22	Bal.

Table 2 Chemical composition of the test solution (mg/L)

Composition	NaCl	Na₂CO₃	NaHCO₃	Na₂SO₄	MgCl₂·6H₂O	CaCl₂	KCl
Content	543.2	383.6	1022.7	7.1	73.8	49.9	1.8

Fig. 1 Schematic of the equipment: a immersion test; b electrochemical measurement

Fig. 2 Corrosion rates of X70 steel under different silty sand conditions after immersion for 168 h

Fig. 3 Macroscopic surface morphologies of X70 steel in different silty sand conditions after immersion for 168 h: a, b without silty sand; c, d 325 mesh; e, f 1000 mesh; g, h 5000 mesh

Fig. 4 Microscopic surface morphologies and cross-sectional element distributions of the films of X70 steel in different silty sand conditions after immersion for 168 h: a, b without silty sand; c, d 325 mesh; e, f 1000 mesh; g, h 5000 mesh

Table 3 EDS analyses on the films of X70 steel after immersion for 168 h (at%)

Condition	Structure		Si	O	Fe	Ca
Without silty sand	Film	Point A	-	73.19	23.73	3.09
325 mesh	Film	Point B	23.36	68.84	7.24	0.55
		Point C	1.32	73.69	13.22	11.77
1000 mesh	Inner layer		1.83	75.55	17.43	5.19
	Outer layer	Point D	12.62	71.59	14.36	1.43
5000 mesh	Inner layer		1.06	74.52	22.95	1.47
	Outer layer	Point E	4.95	73.63	21.42	-
		Point F	21.57	69.56	8.79	0.08

Fig. 5 Potentiodynamic polarization curves of electrochemical specimens of X70 steel in different silty sand conditions after immersion for 168 h

Table 4 Electrochemical parameters from potentiodynamic polarization curves after 168 h

Condition	E _corr versus SCE (mV)	i _corr (A cm^-2)	b _a (mV)	b _c (mV)
Without silty sand	-739	7.341 × 10^-6	37.46	60.12
325 mesh	-737	1.437 × 10^-6	52.66	61.60
1000 mesh	-734	3.184 × 10^-6	57.33	61.39
5000 mesh	-734	1.862 × 10^-6	61.31	64.31

Fig. 6 EIS plots of electrochemical specimens in different silty sand conditions after immersion for 168 h: a Nyquist diagram; b Bode diagram

Fig. 7 Electrochemical equivalent circuit for EIS fitting

Table 5 Electrochemical impedance parameters fitted from EIS data

Condition	R _s (Ω cm²)	Q _dl (Ω^-1 sⁿ cm^-2)	Q _dl-n	R _ct (Ω cm²)
Without silty sand	16.99	3.111 × 10^-3	0.8683	1458
325 mesh	14.17	6.184 × 10^-4	0.7690	3944
1000 mesh	12.97	8.044 × 10^-4	0.8656	2208
5000 mesh	16.02	5.535 × 10^-4	0.7966	2675

Fig. 8 Adsorption layers of silty sand with different sizes on specimen surfaces of X70 steel (0.5 h): a 325 mesh; b 1000 mesh; c 5000 mesh

Table 6 Pore volume and diameter of the adsorption layers of silty sand with different sizes

Condition	Pore volume (cm³/g)	Average pore diameter (nm)
325 mesh	3.966 × 10^-3	12.79
1000 mesh	4.627 × 10^-3	12.91
5000 mesh	6.026 × 10^-3	13.22

Fig. 9 Effect of adsorption layers of silty sand with different sizes on the cathodic and anodic potentiodynamic polarization curves (0.5 h)

Table 7 Electrochemical parameters from potentiodynamic polarization curves after 0.5 h

Condition	E _corr versus SCE (mV)	i _corr (A cm^-2)	b _a (mV)	b _c (mV)
Without silty sand	-747	9.499 × 10^-4	75.19	117.62
325 mesh	-738	1.841 × 10^-4	73.73	92.19
1000 mesh	-744	5.045 × 10^-4	79.28	101.27
5000 mesh	-751	6.095 × 10^-4	77.90	106.12

Fig. 10 BET plots of adsorption layers of silty sand with different sizes (0.5 h)

Table 8 Special surface area of the adsorption layers of silty sand with different sizes

Condition	Slope	Intercept	C	W_m	Special surface area (m²/g)
325 mesh	2732.34	74.34	37.75	3.56 × 10^-4	1.241
1000 mesh	2668.06	77.10	35.61	3.64 × 10^-4	1.269
5000 mesh	1884.96	25.11	76.08	5.24 × 10^-4	1.823

Fig. 11 Schematics of inhibition mechanism of the films produced on carbon steel surface in different silty sand conditions: a 325 mesh; b 1000 mesh; c 5000 mesh

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Corrosion Performance of Carbon Steel in CO₂ Aqueous Environment Containing Silty Sand with Different Sizes

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