Synthesis of Co3O4 Nanoparticles Wrapped Within Full Carbon Matrix as an Anode Material for Lithium Ion Batteries

doi:10.1007/s40195-017-0622-3

Abstract

Abstract:

A facile polyol-assisted pyro-synthesis method was used to synthesize Co₃O₄ nanoparticles embedded into carbon matrix without using any conventional carbon source. The surface analysis by scanning electron microscopy showed that the Co₃O₄ nanoparticles (~20 ± 5 nm) are tightly enwrapped within the carbon matrix. CHN analysis determined the carbon content was only 0.11% in the final annealed sample. The Co₃O₄@carbon exhibited high capacities and excellent cycling performance as an anode at various current rates (such as 914.4 and 515.5 mAh g^-1 at 0.25 and 1.0 C, respectively, after 50 cycles; 318.2 mAh g^-1 at a high current rate of 5.0 C after 25 cycles). This superior electrochemical performance of the electrode can be attributed to the various aspects, such as, (1) the existence of carbon matrix, which acts as a flexible buffer to accommodate the volume changes during Li⁺ ion insertion/deinsertion and facilitates the fast Li⁺ and electron transfer and (2) the anchoring of Co₃O₄ nanoparticles within the carbon matrix prevents particles agglomeration.

Key words: Co₃O₄, Carbon matrix, Pyro-synthesis, Anode, Lithium ion battery

Subhalaxmi Mohapatra, Shantikumar V. Nair, Alok Kumar Rai. Synthesis of Co₃O₄ Nanoparticles Wrapped Within Full Carbon Matrix as an Anode Material for Lithium Ion Batteries[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2018, 31(2): 164-170.

Figures/Tables 6

References

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Materials	Synthesis method	Current density/rate	Cycle number	Specific capacity (mAh g^-1)	Refs.
Co₃O₄-C Core-shell nanowire	Hydrothermal synthesis	2.0 C	20	676	[17]
Carbon@Co₃O₄ nanostructure	Hydrothermal approach	0.5 C	107	567	[18]
-	-	2.0 C	80	423	[18]
Hierarchically porous carbon (HPC)/Co₃O₄ nanocomposite	Murdannia simplex stalks	1 A g^-1 (1.1 C)	40	375	[20]
Co₃O₄/carbon nanotube hybrid	Mechanical Treatment processes	0.2 C	70	877	[21]
Co₃O₄-carbon nanotube composite	Thermal decomposition	200 mA g^-1 (0.22 C)	100	776	[22]
-	-	1 A g^-1 (1.1 C)	35	600	[22]
Co₃O₄/onion-like carbon nanocomposite	Solvothermal method	200 mA g^-1 (0.22 C)	100	632	[23]
-	-	2000 mA g^-1 (2.2 C)	50	154	[23]
Co₃O₄ nanocages	Thermal decomposition	2000 mA g^-1 (2.2 C)	25	252	[24]
Co₃O₄/ordered mesoporous carbon nanocomposite	Solvent evaporation-induced co-self-assembly	1.5 A g^-1 (1.7 C)	35	580	[25]
Co₃O₄@C	Pyro-synthesis	0.25 C	50	914.4	*
-	Pyro-synthesis	1.0 C	50	515.5	*
-	Pyro-synthesis	5.0 C	35	318.2	*

Materials	Synthesis method	Current density/rate	Cycle number	Specific capacity (mAh g^-1)	Refs.
Co₃O₄-C Core-shell nanowire	Hydrothermal synthesis	2.0 C	20	676	[17]
Carbon@Co₃O₄ nanostructure	Hydrothermal approach	0.5 C	107	567	[18]
-	-	2.0 C	80	423	[18]
Hierarchically porous carbon (HPC)/Co₃O₄ nanocomposite	Murdannia simplex stalks	1 A g^-1 (1.1 C)	40	375	[20]
Co₃O₄/carbon nanotube hybrid	Mechanical Treatment processes	0.2 C	70	877	[21]
Co₃O₄-carbon nanotube composite	Thermal decomposition	200 mA g^-1 (0.22 C)	100	776	[22]
-	-	1 A g^-1 (1.1 C)	35	600	[22]
Co₃O₄/onion-like carbon nanocomposite	Solvothermal method	200 mA g^-1 (0.22 C)	100	632	[23]
-	-	2000 mA g^-1 (2.2 C)	50	154	[23]
Co₃O₄ nanocages	Thermal decomposition	2000 mA g^-1 (2.2 C)	25	252	[24]
Co₃O₄/ordered mesoporous carbon nanocomposite	Solvent evaporation-induced co-self-assembly	1.5 A g^-1 (1.7 C)	35	580	[25]
Co₃O₄@C	Pyro-synthesis	0.25 C	50	914.4	*
-	Pyro-synthesis	1.0 C	50	515.5	*
-	Pyro-synthesis	5.0 C	35	318.2	*

Synthesis of Co₃O₄ Nanoparticles Wrapped Within Full Carbon Matrix as an Anode Material for Lithium Ion Batteries

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