Multiferroic Consequence of Porous (BiFeO3) x -(BiCrO3)1-x Composite Thin Films by Novel Sol-Gel Method

doi:10.1007/s40195-017-0593-4

Abstract

Abstract:

In this work, we have presented a spin-coating method to produce thin films started with pure BiCrO₃ (BCO) and ended up with BiFeO₃ (BFO) by increasing x values in the (BiFeO₃) _x -(BiCrO₃)_1-_x composites. All the produced thin films have been crystallized at the annealing temperatures of 400 °C for 0.5 h. The XRD and EDAX spectrums give insight that the two crystal phases related to BCO and BFO stayed together within the thin film matrices. SEM analysis showed that the prepared composite had macroporous morphology with interconnected pores and its width (size) decreased with increasing x values. The strong correlations are observed among the microstructure, dielectric, ferroelectric, ferromagnetic properties and Fe concentration. Among all composites, the composition of 0.75 shows an attractive magnetization, polarization, switching and improved dielectric behaviors at room temperature. Significant increase in the multiferroic characteristics of 0.75 composition is due to arise of lower leakage current by causing reduction in oxygen vacancy density, and enhancement of super-exchange magnetic interaction between Fe³⁺ and Cr³⁺ at BFO/BCO interface layers. Our result shows that the thin layer on Pt (111)/Ti/SiO₂/Si substrate possesses simultaneously improved ferroelectric and ferromagnetic properties which make an inaccessible potential application for nonvolatile ferroelectric memories.

Key words: Multiferroic, Dual-phase composites, Spin-coating method, NV-Fe-RAM, PUND

William Raja Victor, Marikani Arumugam, Thiruramana than Pandirengan, Madhavan Durairaj, Raghavendra Reddy Varimalla. Multiferroic Consequence of Porous (BiFeO₃) _x -(BiCrO₃)_1-_x Composite Thin Films by Novel Sol-Gel Method[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2018, 31(3): 299-307.

Figures/Tables 12

Fig. 1 X-ray diffraction patterns for (BiFeO3) x -(BiCrO3)1-x thin films at x = 0, 0.25, 0.75 and 1 over Pt(111)/Ti/SiO2/Si substrate at 400 °C

Table 1 Calculated phase fraction of (BiFeO3) x -(BiCrO3)1-x composites at x = 0, 0.25, 0.75 and 1

Composition	Phase fraction for BFO-BCO composites
Composition	Phase I (BFO)	Phase II (BCO)
x = 0	-	100
x = 0.25	29.2	70.8
x = 0.75	71.5	28.5
x = 1	100	-

Fig. 2 SEM/EDAX for (BiFeO3) x -(BiCrO3)1-x thin films at x = 0 a, 0.25 b, 0.75 c, 1 d on Pt(111)/Ti/SiO2/Si substrate

Table 2 Relationship between pore size and roughness (Rq) for all composition

Composition	Pore size (nm)	Roughness (R _q)
0	450	6.523
0.25	230	14.157
0.75	110	18.544
1	420	9.095

Fig. 3 Image showing the coarse surface of the film before scanning by the AFM cantilever

Fig. 4 3D AFM image for (BiFeO3) x -(BiCrO3)1-x thin films at x = 0 a, 0.25 b, 0.75 c, 1 d on Pt(111)/Ti/SiO2/Si substrate

Fig. 5 a M-H loop for (BiFeO3) x -(BiCrO3)1-x thin films at x = 0, 0.25, 0.75 and 1 over Pt(111)/Ti/SiO2/Si substrate. b Zoom plot of M-H loop for (BiFeO3) x -(BiCrO3)1-x at x = 0 and 1

Fig. 6 Dielectric constant for (BiFeO3) x -(BiCrO3)1-x thin films at x = 0, 0.25, 0.75 and 1 over Pt(111)/Ti/SiO2/Si substrate

Fig. 7 Dielectric loss for (BiFeO3) x -(BiCrO3)1-x thin films at x = 0, 0.25, 0.75 and 1 over Pt(111)/Ti/SiO2/Si substrate

Fig. 8 P-E loop for (BiFeO3) x -(BiCrO3)1-x thin films at x = 0, 0.25, 0.75 and 1 over Pt(111)/Ti/SiO2/Si substrate

Fig. 9 PUND measurement for (BiFeO3) x -(BiCrO3)1-x thin films at x = 0, 0.25, 0.75 and 1 over Pt(111)/Ti/SiO2/Si substrate. Inset shows the plot variation between switched charge density (Q sw) and BFO/BCO doping

Fig. 10 J-E versus electric field for (BiFeO3) x -(BiCrO3)1-x thin films at x = 0, 0.25, 0.75 and 1 over Pt(111)/Ti/SiO2/Si substrate

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Multiferroic Consequence of Porous (BiFeO₃) _x -(BiCrO₃)_1-_x Composite Thin Films by Novel Sol-Gel Method

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