Fig. 1 Schematic illustrations of the two-type filling manners for the plate casting with the same dimensions (80 mm × 50 mm × 15 mm): a top-filling running system and filter, b the bottom-filled running system with a 15 ppi ceramic filter (unit: mm)

Fig. 2 Sketch of the casting and the tensile test specimens

Fig. 3 Simulation results of turbulence filling process of top-filled mold: a the liquid metal collided with bilateral vertical walls and formed jet upward, b jet dropping back and causing oxide film immersion and gas entrainment, c formation of two vortexes, d distribution of oxide defects after filling

Fig. 4 Simulation results of filling processes for bottom-filled mold a-c the smooth filling processes, d distribution of oxide defects after filling

Fig. 5 a SEM image of oxide films on the fracture surface of test specimen taken from a top-filled cast plate, b compositions of the marked area in a analyzed by EDS

Fig. 6 SEM images of oxide films on two sides a and b of the fracture surface of a tensile specimen obtained from a top-filled cast plate, c higher magnification image of the oxide films in a, d the enlarged image of the oxide films shown in c

Fig. 7 SEM image of the fractured surface of a tensile specimen taken from a bottom-filled cast plate

Fig. 8 Distribution of UTS from top-filled and bottom-filled C95800 alloy castings

Fig. 9 Weibull plotting of UTS results from top-filled and bottom-filled C95800 alloy castings

Fig. 10 Weibull plot of elongation results for both top-filled and bottom-filled C95800 alloy castings