Synthesis and Characterization of C-TiO2/FeTiO3 and CQD/C-TiO2/FeTiO3 Photocatalysts with Enhanced Photocatalytic Activities Under Sunlight Irradiation

doi:10.1007/s40195-015-0356-z

Abstract

Abstract:

Sunlight-driven C-TiO₂/FeTiO₃ composites were synthesized with different weight fractions of FeTiO₃. The as-prepared samples were characterized by UV-Visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and photoluminescence. Under sunlight irradiation, the C-TiO₂/FeTiO₃ photocatalysts degraded methyl orange (MO) efficiently and displayed much higher photocatalytic activity than that of pure FeTiO₃ or carbon-doped titanium dioxide (C-TiO₂), and the C-TiO₂/FeTiO₃ photocatalyst with 10 wt% of FeTiO₃ exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity. The enhancement of photocatalytic activity was mainly ascribed to the formation of a heterojunction between C-TiO₂ and FeTiO₃, which facilitated the transfer and separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. The quenching effects of different scavengers demonstrated that the reactive superoxide radicals (^·O₂^-) and hydroxyl radicals (^·OH) played a major role in the MO degradation. The possible photocatalytic mechanism is discussed on the basis of the band structures of C-TiO₂ and FeTiO₃. To further enhance the photocatalytic efficiency, double-heterojunctioned CQD/C-TiO₂/FeTiO₃ composite was prepared by loading carbon quantum dots onto the C-TiO₂/FeTiO₃ surface.

Key words: C-TiO2, FeTiO3, CQD, Composites, Sunlight photocatalytic activity

Ramakrishna Dadigala, Bhagavanth Reddy Gangapuram, Rajkumar Bandi, Ayodhya Dasari, Veerabhadram Guttena. Synthesis and Characterization of C-TiO₂/FeTiO₃ and CQD/C-TiO₂/FeTiO₃ Photocatalysts with Enhanced Photocatalytic Activities Under Sunlight Irradiation[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2016, 29(1): 17-27.

Figures/Tables 13

Fig.1 XRD patterns of undoped TiO2 (a), C-TiO2 (b), C-TiO2/FeTiO3 composites (c-e) and FeTiO3 (f)

Fig.2 Diffuse reflectance UV-Vis spectra a and (Ahν)1/2 versus hν plots of undoped TiO2, FeTiO3, C-TiO2, and C-TiO2/FeTiO3 composites b

Fig.3 FTIR spectra of FeTiO3, C-TiO2, and C-TiO2/FeTiO3 composites

Fig.4 PL spectra of undoped TiO2, C-TiO2, and C-TiO2/FeTiO3 composites

Fig.5 SEM image of FeTiO3 a, TEM images of C-TiO2 b, and C-TiO2/FeTiO3-10 composite c

Fig.6 EDS of FeTiO3 a, C-TiO2 b, and CTFTO-10 composite c

Fig.7 MO photolysis and photocatalytic degradation over undoped TiO2, FeTiO3, C-TiO2, and C-TiO2/FeTiO3 composites a; UV-Vis absorption spectra for the degradation of MO in the presence of CTFTO-10 composite b and photocatalytic degradation kinetics of undoped TiO2, FeTiO3, C-TiO2, and CTFTO-10 composite for MO degradation under sunlight irradiation c

Fig.8 Reusability study of CTFTO-10 composite for MO degradation under sunlight irradiation a; XRD patterns of the CTFTO-10 composite before and after photocatalytic reactions b

Fig.9 Effect of different scavengers on degradation of MO in the presence of CTFTO-10 composite under sunlight irradiation a;·OH trapping PL spectra of CTFTO-10 composite in TA solution under sunlight irradiation b

Fig.10 A schematic mechanism of MO degradation over CTFTO-10 composite under sunlight irradiation

Fig.11 TEM image of CQD a, SEM images of CTFTO-10 composite b, CQD/C-TiO2/FeTiO3 composite c

Fig.12 Diffuse reflectance UV-Vis spectra a, XRD pattern b, PL spectra c of CTFTO-10 composite and CQD/C-TiO2/FeTiO3 composite

Fig.13 Photocatalytic degradation of MO over CTFTO-10 composite and CQD/CTFTO-10 composite

References 47

[1]	W. Kangwansupamonkon, W. Jitbunpot, S. Kiatkamjornwong, Polym. Degrad. Stab. 95, 1894(2010)
[2]	A.R. Khataee, M.B. Kasiri, J. Mol. Catal. A Chem. 328, 8(2010)
[3]	B.L. Tang, G.H. Jiang, Z. Wei, X. Li, X.H. Wang, T.T. Jiang, W.X. Chen, J.M. Wan, Acta Metall. Sin. (Engl. Lett.) 27, 124(2014)
[4]	A.N. Kadam, R.S. Dhabbe, M.R. Kokate, Y.B. Gaikwad, K.M. Garadkar, Spectrochim. Acta Part A: Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc. 133, 669(2014)
[5]	B. Qi, Y. Yu, X.Q. He, L.Z. Wu, X.F. Duan, J.F. Zhi, Mater. Chem. Phys. 135, 549(2012)
[6]	L.G. Devi, S.G. Kumar, Appl. Surf. Sci. 257, 2779(2011)
[7]	L.G. Devi, R. Kavitha, Appl. Catal. B Environ. 140-141, 559 (2013)
[8]	M.V. Dozzi, E. Selli, J. Photochem. Photobiol. C Photochem. Rev. 14, 13(2013)
[9]	D. Robert, Catal. Today 122, 20 (2007)
[10]	S.B. Rawal, S. Bera, D. Lee, D.J. Jang, W.I. Lee, Catal. Sci. Technol. 3, 1822(2013)
[11]	P. Chowdhury, J. Moreira, H. Gomaa, A.K. Ray, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 51, 4523(2012)
[12]	X. Li, W. Leng, J. Phys. Chem. C 117, 750 (2013)
[13]	F. Dong, S. Guo, H.Q. Wang, X.F. Li, Z.B. Wu, J. Phys. Chem. C 115, 13285 (2011)
[14]	D. Nassoko, Y.F. Li, H. Wang, J.L. Li, Y.Z. Li, Y. Yu, J. Alloys Compd. 540, 228(2012)
[15]	S.S. Sakthivel, H. Kisch, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 42, 4908(2003)
[16]	X.X. Lin, F. Rong, X. Ji, D. Fu, Microporous Mesoporous Mater. 142, 276(2011)
[17]	Z.B. Wu, F. Dong, Y. Liu, H.Q. Wang, Catal. Commun. 11, 82(2009)
[18]	Q. Li, Y.W. Li, P. Wu, R. Xie, J.K. Shang, Adv. Mater. 20, 3717(2008)
[19]	T. Jayaraman, S.A. Raja, A. Priya, M. Jagannathan, M. Ashokkumar, New J. Chem. 39, 1367(2015)
[20]	Z. Zhang, W.Z. Wang, L. Wang, S. Sun, Appl. Mater. Interfaces 4, 593 (2012)
[21]	H.J. Liu, Y.L. Wang, G.G. Liu, Y. Ren, N. Zhang, G. Wang, T. Li, Acta Metall. Sin. (Engl. Lett.) 27, 149(2014)
[22]	M.E. Zarazúa-Morín, L.M. Torres-Martínez, E. Moctezuma, I. Juárez-Ramírez, B.B. Zermeño, Synthesis, characterization,catalytic activity of FeTiO3/TiO2 for photodegradation of organic pollutants with visible light. Res. Chem. Intermed. (2015). doi:10.1007/s11164-015-2071-9
[23]	J.J. Ru, Y. Hua, C. Xu, J. Li, Y. Li, D. Wang, K. Gong, R. Wang, Z. Zhou, Ceram. Int. 40, 6799(2014)
[24]	Y.J. Kim, B. Gao, S.Y. Han, M.H. Jung, A.K. Chakraborty, T. Ko, C. Lee, W.I. Lee, J. Phys. Chem. C 113, 19179 (2009)
[25]	F. Liu, H. He, C.B. Zhang, Novel iron titanate catalyst for the selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH3 in the medium temperature range. Chem. Commun. (2008). doi:10.1039/B800143J
[26]	Y.H. Chen, J. Non Cryst. Solids 357, 136 (2011)
[27]	S. Sivakumar, A. Selvaraj, A.K. Ramasamy, V. Balasubramanian, Water Air Soil Pollut. 224, 1529(2013)
[28]	B. Gao, Y.J. Kim, A.K. Chakraborty, W.I. Lee, Appl. Catal. B Environ. 83, 202(2008)
[29]	Q.D. Truong, J.Y. Liu, C.C. Chung, Y.C. Ling, Catal. Commun. 19, 85(2012)
[30]	D.K. Devi, S.V. Pratap, R. Haritha, K.S. Sivudu, P. Radhika, B. Sreedhar, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 121, 1765(2011)
[31]	H. Li, R. Liu, Y. Liu, H. Huang, H. Yu, H. Ming, S. Lian, S.T. Lee, Z. Kang, J. Mater. Chem. 22, 17470(2012)
[32]	S. Palla, G. Ravi, R. Velchuri, N.K. Veldurthi, J.R. Reddy, V. Muga, J. Sol-Gel. Sci. Technol. 75, 224(2015)
[33]	B. Cheng, Y. Le, J. Yu, J. Hazard. Mater. 177, 971(2010)
[34]	R. Chauhan, A. Kumar, R.P. Chaudhary, Spectrochim. Acta Part A Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc. 98, 256(2012)
[35]	R. Kavitha, L.G. Devi, J. Environ. Chem. Eng. 2, 857(2014)
[36]	X.C. Sun, C. Bruckner, M.P. Nieh, Y. Lei, J. Mater. Chem. A 2, 14613 (2014)
[37]	F. Dong, H.Q. Wang, Z.B. Wu, J. Phys. Chem. C 113, 16717 (2009)
[38]	Y. Huang, W. Ho, S.C. Lee, L. Zhang, G. Li, J.C. Yu, Langmuir 24, 3510 (2008)
[39]	C. Chen, Q.W. Liu, S. Gao, K. Li, H. Xu, Z.Z. Lou, B.B. Huang, Y. Dai, RSC Adv. 4, 12098(2014)
[40]	X. Tang, K.A. Hu, J. Mater. Sci. 41, 8025(2006)
[41]	A.B. Gambhire, M.K. Lande, S.B. Rathod, B.R. Arbad, K.N. Vidhate, R.S. Gholap, K.R. Patil, Synthesis and characterization of FeTiO3 ceramics. Arab. J. Chem. (2011). doi:10.1016/j.arabjc.2011.05.012
[42]	T. Wang, G. Yang, J. Liu, B. Yang, S. Ding, Z. Yan, T. Xiao, Appl. Surf. Sci. 311, 314(2014)
[43]	M.A. Subhan, M.R. Awal, T. Ahmed, M. Younus, Acta Metall. Sin. (Engl. Lett.) 27, 223(2014)
[44]	S. Palla, R. Guje, G. Ravi, R. Velchuri, M. Vithal, Acta Metall. Sin. (Engl. Lett.) 28, 216(2015)
[45]	S. Bera, S.B. Rawal, H.J. Kim, W.I. Lee, Appl. Mater. Interfaces 6, 9654 (2014)
[46]	H.C. Zhang, H. Huang, H. Ming, H. Li, L. Zhang, Y. Liu, Z.H. Kang, J. Mater. Chem. 22, 10501(2012)
[47]	Y.Q. Zhang, D.K. Ma, Y.G. Zhang, W. Chen, S.M. Huang, Nano Energy 2, 545 (2013)

Synthesis and Characterization of C-TiO₂/FeTiO₃ and CQD/C-TiO₂/FeTiO₃ Photocatalysts with Enhanced Photocatalytic Activities Under Sunlight Irradiation

RichHTML

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 13

References 47

Related Articles 15

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments

[1]	S. Bi, B. L. Xiao, Z. H. Ji, B. S. Liu, Z. Y. Liu, Z. Y. Ma. Dispersion and Damage of Carbon Nanotubes in Carbon Nanotube/7055Al Composites During High-Energy Ball Milling Process [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2021, 34(2): 196-204.
[2]	Yu-Ning Zan, Yang-Tao Zhou, Xiao-Nan Li, Guo-Nan Ma, Zhen-Yu Liu, Quan-Zhao Wang, Dong Wang, Bo-Lv Xiao, Zong-Yi Ma. Enhancing High-Temperature Strength and Thermal Stability of Al₂O₃/Al Composites by High-Temperature Pre-treatment of Ultrafine Al Powders [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2020, 33(7): 913-921.
[3]	Juan Liu, Yuze Wu, Lin Wang, Hui Wang, Charlie Kong, Alexander Pesin, Alexander P. Zhilyaev, Hailiang Yu. Fabrication and Characterization of High-Bonding-Strength Al/Ti/Al-Laminated Composites via Cryorolling [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2020, 33(6): 871-880.
[4]	Yue Su, Shun-Cun Luo, Liang Meng, Piao Gao, Ze-Min Wang. Selective Laser Melting of In Situ TiB/Ti6Al4V Composites: Formability, Microstructure Evolution and Mechanical Performance [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2020, 33(6): 774-788.
[5]	Tielong Han, Jiajun Li, Naiqin Zhao, Chunnian He. Fabrication of Graphene Nanoplates Modified with Nickel Nanoparticles for Reinforcing Copper Matrix Composites [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2020, 33(5): 643-648.
[6]	Dong Li, Chaoyu Wang, Yishi Su, Di Zhang, Qiubao Ouyang. Governing the Inclination Angle of Graphite Flakes in the Graphite Flake/Al Composites by Controlling the Al Particle Size via Flake Powder Metallurgy [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2020, 33(5): 649-658.
[7]	Le Zhang, Wei Wang, fei Xiao, Shahzad M. Babar, Yiyin Shan, Ke Yang. Ultra-thin Laminated Metal Composites with Ultra-high Strength and Excellent Soft Magnetic Properties [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2020, 33(3): 385-390.
[8]	Wen Wang, Peng Han, Pai Peng, Ting Zhang, Qiang Liu, Sheng-Nan Yuan, Li-Ying Huang, Hai-Liang Yu, Ke Qiao, Kuai-She Wang. Friction Stir Processing of Magnesium Alloys: A Review [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2020, 33(1): 43-57.
[9]	Y. Z. Li, Y. N. Zan, Q. Z. Wang, B. L. Xiao, Z. Y. Ma. High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of T6-Treated B₄Cp/6061Al Composite [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2020, 33(1): 67-74.
[10]	Jiao Xu, Dan-Qing Yi, Qiang Cui, Bin Wang. Enhanced Wear Resistance of Ni/h-BN Composites with Graphene Addition Produced by Spark Plasma Sintering [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2019, 32(7): 876-886.
[11]	S. M. A. Shibli, K. S. Chinchu, M. Ameen Sha. Development of Nano-tetragonal Zirconia-Incorporated Ni-P Coatings for High Corrosion Resistance [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2019, 32(4): 481-494.
[12]	Xu Kong, Yu-Min Wang, Xu Zhang, Qing Yang, Guo-Xing Zhang, Li-Na Yang, Rui Yang. Monitoring Damage Evolution in a Titanium Matrix Composite Shaft Under Torsion Loading Using Acoustic Emission [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2019, 32(10): 1244-1252.
[13]	Sabbah Ataya, Naser A. Alsaleh, Mohamed M. El-Sayed Seleman. Strength and Wear Behavior of Mg Alloy AE42 Reinforced with Carbon Short Fibers [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2019, 32(1): 31-40.
[14]	Sahayam Joyson Abraham, Isaac Dinaharan, Jebaraj David Raja Selvam, Esther Titilayo Akinlabi. Microstructural Characterization and Tensile Behavior of Rutile (TiO₂)-Reinforced AA6063 Aluminum Matrix Composites Prepared by Friction Stir Processing [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2019, 32(1): 52-62.
[15]	Xin-Jiang Zhang, Zhong-Kui Dai, Xue-Ran Liu, Wen-Chao Yang, Meng He, Zi-Run Yang. Microstructural Characteristics and Mechanical Behavior of Spark Plasma-Sintered Cu-Cr-rGO Copper Matrix Composites [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2018, 31(7): 761-770.