Preparation of TiO2 Nano-Flower Coating on Ti Substrates with Good Physical Sterilization Effect and Biocompatibility

doi:10.1007/s40195-024-01724-x

Abstract

Abstract:

We report a facile solution method to form titanium oxide (TiO₂) nano-flower structure on the titanium (Ti) substrates for realizing good physical sterilization and biocompatibility. We first prepare TiO₂ nanotubes (NT) with a diameter of about 80-100 nm and a length of about 5 μm on Ti substrates by anodization, which is utilized as precursor. Then, we employ immersion treatment in different concentrations of phosphoric acid solution at 75 °C for 5 h to realize the transformation from TiO₂ NT to TiO₂ nano-flower structure. In addition, we studied the effects of phosphoric acid concentration (1 wt%, 2.5 wt%, 5 wt% and 10 wt%) on the TiO₂ nano-flower structure, and the antibacterial properties and biocompatibility of the TiO₂ nano-flower structure. The results show that TiO₂ nano-flower structure become larger and thicker with the increase in the phosphoric acid concentration, and the thickness of the coating can reach 6.88 μm. Meanwhile, the TiO₂ nano-flower structure shows good physical sterilization effect, especially for the TiO₂ nano-flower structure formed in 10 wt% H₃PO₄ solution, the antibacterial rate can reach 95%. In addition, the TiO₂ nano-flower structure have no toxicity to the osteoblasts and support cell growth.

Key words: Anodization, Biocompatibility, Physical sterilization, TiO₂ nano-flower

Ruoyu Di, Yonghua Sun, Runhua Yao, Sen Pei, Xiaohong Yao, Ruiqiang Hang. Preparation of TiO₂ Nano-Flower Coating on Ti Substrates with Good Physical Sterilization Effect and Biocompatibility[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2024, 37(9): 1581-1589.

Figures/Tables 6

Fig. 1 a SEM morphology of the surface of NT, NT + 1%, NT + 2.5%, NT + 5% and NT + 10%, b SEM morphology of the cross section of NT, NT + 1%, NT + 2.5%, NT + 5% and NT + 10%, c EDS mapping of the surface of NT+1%, NT+2.5%, NT+5% and NT+10%

Fig. 2 a XRD spectra of NT, NT + 1%, NT + 2.5%, NT + 5% and NT + 10%, b XPS survey spectra of NT, NT + 1%, NT + 2.5%, NT + 5% and NT + 10%, c the high-resolution XPS spectra of P 2p spectra, d the high-resolution XPS spectra of Ti 2p

Table 1 Chemical composition of different samples determined by XPS

Sample	Atomic concentrations (at%)
Sample	C	F	O	P	Ti
NT	26.36	7.42	44.54	0.76	20.93
NT + 1%	19.54	1.65	56.15	11.9	10.76
NT + 2.5%	19.63	0.8	57.27	12.3	10.00
NT + 5%	18.13	0.71	58.58	12.45	10.14
NT + 10%	19.8	0.83	57.37	11.98	10.03

Fig. 3 Average contact angles of NT, NT+1%, NT+2.5%, NT+5% and NT+10%

Fig. 4 a Optical images of S. aureus colonies on ager, b antibacterial efficiency of different samples against S. aureus (**p<0.01, ***p<0.001), c fluorescence live/dead staining images of S. aureus live (green) and dead (red) bacteria, d SEM images of S. aureus on the different samples

Fig. 5 a Cell live/dead fluorescence staining of osteoblasts at days 1, 3, and 5, b cell proliferation measured by MTT at days 1, 3, and 5 (*p<0.05, **p <0.01), c the cytoskeleton of osteoblasts on the sample after culturing for 24 h, d SEM images of osteoblasts after culturing for 24 h

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Preparation of TiO₂ Nano-Flower Coating on Ti Substrates with Good Physical Sterilization Effect and Biocompatibility

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