Fig. 1 XRD patterns of hot-pressed samples

Fig. 2 Wear mass loss as a function of sliding distance for different samples at applied loads: a 2 N, b 5 N, c 10 N

Fig. 3 Variation of the wear rate as a function of normal load for different samples

Fig. 4 a SEM image of the worn surface of nanostructured Al sample at 5 N applied normal load, b SEM image and c EDS analysis of the wear debris

Fig. 5 SEM micrographs of the worn surfaces of FVS0812 a, c, e; FVS1212 b, d, f samples at different applied normal loads: a, b 2 N; c, d 5 N; e, f 10 N

Fig. 6 Low magnification SEM image in back-scattered mode showing the wear track at 10 N normal load: a FVS0812, b FVS1212

Fig. 7 High magnification SEM image of the dark and bright area on the wear track of FVS0812 sample with the EDS analysis of corresponding areas

Fig. 8 High magnification SEM image of the dark and bright area on the wear track of FVS1212 sample with the EDS analysis of corresponding areas

Fig. 9 a Weight loss of the steel pin after wear test at different loads, b atomic percentage of Fe in worn surface of alloys at different loads

Fig. 10 SEM micrographs of the wear debris of FVS0812 a, c, e; FVS1212 b, d, f samples at different normal loads: a, b 2 N; c, d 5 N; e, f 10 N

Fig. 11 EDS analysis of the wear products of FVS0812 a; FVS1212 b samples, generated under 10 N normal load

Fig. 12 Variations of COF of Al a, b, c, FVS0812 d, e, f; FVS1212 g, h, i samples as a function of sliding distance (SD): a, d, g 2 N; b, e, h 5 N; c, f, i 10 N