Synthesis and Characterization of the Antibacterial Activity of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles against Salmonella typhi

doi:10.1007/s40195-016-0439-5

Abstract

Abstract:

Metal oxides can be used as a series of new and effective anti-bacterial agents. In this study, four concentrations of ZnO nanoparticles (0.2, 0.5, 0.7 and 1.0 mol/L) were synthesized using a low-temperature sol-gel method annealed at 400 and 550 °C. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). XRD results show the hexagonal wurtzite structure of the nanoparticles with the grain size in the range of 38-43 nm. TEM micrographs exhibit a polyhedral form of the synthesized nanoparticles. The antimicrobial activity of different concentrations of nanoparticles against Salmonella typhi PTCC 1609 was determined by disk diffusion and agar dilution method at five concentrations of 10, 5, 2.5, 1.25 and 0.625 mg/mL. Analysis shows that the prepared ZnO nanoparticles have a very effective antimicrobial activity against Salmonella typhi. This activity increases by reducing the size of nanoparticles and increasing their content in the bacterial growth medium.

Key words: ZnO nanoparticles, Antimicrobial agents, Reactive oxygen species (ROS), Salmonella, Typhi

Rafieh Meraat, Ali Abdolahzadeh Ziabari, Khosro Issazadeh, Nima Shadan, Kamyar Mazloum Jalali. Synthesis and Characterization of the Antibacterial Activity of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles against Salmonella typhi[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2016, 29(7): 601-.

Figures/Tables 9

Fig. 1 X-ray diffraction patterns for ZnO NPs at different molarities and annealing temperatures

Fig. 2 Representative TEM images of ZnO NPs prepared in 1 mol/L concentration annealed at 400 °C a, 550 °C b

Fig. 3 FTIR spectra for ZnO NPs prepared at different concentrations annealed at 400 °C

Fig. 4 Antibacterial activity of ZnO NPs against S. typhi. Upper: synthesized at 400 °C and below: synthesized at 550 °C in four molarities

Fig. 5 Zones of inhibition produced by different concentrations of zinc oxide NPs synthesized at 400 °C a, 550 °C b

Table 1 Comparative antibacterial activities of undoped and doped ZnO nanoparticles prepared by different methods against pathogenic bacterial strains

Nanoparticle	Synthesis method	Bacterial strains	Diameter of inhibition zone (mm)
Ag, Co-doped ZnO (Zn_0.90Ag_0.05Co_0.05O) [4]	Co-precipitation	Pseudomonas	13.2
Ag, Co-doped ZnO (Zn_0.90Ag_0.05Co_0.05O) [4]	Co-precipitation		Klebsiella	14.0
ZnO (4 mg/mL) [6]	Hydrothermal	Salmonella typhimurium	29.4
ZnO (4 mg/mL) [6]	Hydrothermal		Staphylococcus aureus	32.5
ZnO [14]	Solvent casting	Salmonella choleraesuis	5.4
ZnO [14]	Solvent casting		Staphylococcus aureus	7.1
Mn doped ZnO [19]	Microwave irradiation	Staphylococcus aureus	6.0
Mn doped ZnO [19]	Microwave irradiation		Escherichia coli	4.5

Table 2 Determination of MIC and MBC for different molarities of nanoparticles synthesized at 400 and 550 °C

Molarity of solutions	MIC (mg/mL)		MBC (mg/mL)
Molarity of solutions	400 °C	550 °C	400 °C	550 °C
0.2	10	10	-	-
0.5	2.5	2.5	-	-
0.7	0.625	0.625	2.5	2.5
1.0	0.625	0.625	0.625	0.625

Fig. 6 Number of colony-forming units (CFU) of S. typhi after overnight incubation at the presence of different concentrations of ZnO NPs synthesized at 400 °C a, 550 °C b in four molarities

Fig. 7 Schematic representation of antibacterial effect of ZnO NPs against S. typhi

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