Fig. 1 Schematic illustration for the crystal orientation division

Fig. 2 EBSD IPF maps and grain sizes in the ND and XRD pole figures corresponding to the Mg-1 wt% Zn binary alloys: a, d, g as rolled; b, e, h annealing at 300 °C for 5 min; c, f, i annealing at 350 °C for 60 min

Fig. 3 EBSD IPF maps and grain sizes in the ND and XRD {0001} pole figures corresponding to the Mg-1 wt% Y binary alloys: a, d, g annealing at 350 °C for 5 min; b, e, h annealing at 400 °C for 5 min; c, f, i annealing at 500 °C for 30 min

Fig. 4 Misorientation distribution histograms: a-c as rolled, annealing at 300 °C for 5 min and annealing at 350 °C for 60 min, respectively, corresponding to the Mg-1 wt% Zn alloy; d-f annealing at 350 °C for 5 min, annealing at 400 °C for 5 min and annealing at 500 °C for 30 min, respectively, corresponding to the Mg-1 wt% Y alloy

Fig. 5 XRD {0001} pole figures corresponding to the Mg-1 wt% Zn binary alloys. a, d, g As rolled; b, e, h annealing at 300 °C for 5 min; c, f, i annealing at 350 °C for 60 min

Fig. 6 XRD {0001} pole figures corresponding to the Mg-1wt% Y binary alloys. a, d, g Annealing at 350 °C for 5 min; b, e, h annealing at 400 °C for 5 min; c, f, i annealing at 500 °C for 30 min

Fig. 7 Quasi-in-situ EBSD maps and grain boundary maps of Mg-1 wt% Zn alloys in the regions a-c A, d-f D, g-i B, j-l E, m-o C and p-r F

Fig. 8 EBSD IPF maps in the ND corresponding to the Mg-1 wt% Y binary alloys. a As rolled; b annealing at 400 °C for 5 min; c annealing at 500 °C for 60 min

Fig. 9 Quasi-in-situ EBSD maps and grain boundary maps of Mg-1 wt% Y alloys in the regions a-c G, d-f J, g-i H, j-l K, m-o I and p-r L

Fig. 10 Pie charts of grain boundary movement distribution: a Mg-1 wt% Zn alloy; b Mg-1 wt% Y alloy

Fig. 11 TEM bright-field images and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) maps. a Mg-1 wt% Y alloy after 60-min annealing at 500 °C; b EDS map corresponding to a; c Mg-1 wt% Zn alloy after 60-min annealing at 350 °C; d EDS map corresponding to c

Fig. 12 Schematic illustrations for the effect of element segregation on grain boundary movement