Fig. 1 Schematic diagrams of a the diamond cells of stents, b Stent-C, c Stent-E, d Stent-H

Fig. 2 Conformability and ovalization of designed stents: a a schematic diagram of the three-point bending test, b bending moment-displacement curves of Stent-A, B and C with SD cell structure during the loading-unloading process for different length-to-width ratios (1, 1.5, 2), c bending moment-displacement curves of Stent-C, D and E with cell length-to-width ratio 1 during the loading-unloading process, d eccentricity of Stent-A-Stent-E for ovalization analysis, e representative bending moment-displacement curves of Stent-F,G and H during the loading-unloading process, f eccentricity of Stent-F, G and H for ovalization analysis

Fig. 3 FEA of the “Flat Plate Test” simulation of stents: a a schematic diagram of the “Flat Plate Test” simulation, and the radial force per unit length-displacement curves of b Stent-C and D, c Stent-F, G and H with the variation of cell length-to-width ratios during the loading-unloading process

Fig. 4 Dimension verification and composition of laser-cut stents: a whole stent image, b SD cell, and DD cell structure of the stent, c, d partial enlarged view, e chemical composition of the stent measured by EDS

Fig. 5 AFM images of the surface morphology of: a NiTi, b NiTi-OH, c NiTi-CDI, d NiTi-GYIGSR samples

Fig. 6 a Wide-scan XPS spectra for different samples, and high resolution C 1s spectra of b NiTi, c NiTi-OH, d NiTi-CDI, e NiTi-GYIGSR samples

Fig. 7 WCAs of NiTi surfaces after different treatments

Fig. 8 Growth of HUVECs on NiTi and NiTi-GYIGSR sample surfaces. a OD values from HUVECs cultured on control group (NiTi, dark blue column) and NiTi-GYIGSR group (light dark column) for 24 h and 72 h evaluated by CCK-8. b, c Analysis of HUVECs cultured on NiTi (control group) and NiTi-GYIGSR sample surfaces by in vitro migration assay: images were acquired at 48 h of culture after creating a detection zone with the tip of sterilized pipette and ruler. The dashed lines on the images are used as guides for the initial cell free zone and green spots represented live cells. SEM micrographs of HUVECs morphology after culture for 24 h d-g and 72 h h-k: d, h NiTi sample surfaces (control group), e, i magnified region of interest. f, j NiTi-GYIGSR sample surfaces, g, k magnified region of interest