Mechanical Property Evaluation of a SLMed Martensitic Stainless Steel

doi:10.1007/s40195-020-01128-7

Abstract

Abstract:

A martensitic stainless steel AISI420 fabricated by selective laser melting (SLM) and post-processed by austenitizing and tempering heat treatment was investigated in this study. The as-fabricated SLMed AISI420 showed a strong mechanical property anisotropy and low ductility in the longitudinal direction. Detailed microstructural characterization revealed the presence of austenite and a relatively sharp solidification texture in the as-fabricated state, while the sharp texture was considered as the cause for the mechanical property anisotropy. In contrast, a fully martensitic microstructure with a very weak texture was achieved after the austenitizing and tempering heat treatment. The mechanical property anisotropy was also fully eliminated, witnessing a significant improvement in the ductility, and thus, comparable mechanical performance with the wrought product was achieved in this study.

Key words: Selective laser melting, Microstructures, Tensile testing, Electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD), Martensitic steel

Yun Shi, Xiaojing Xiong, Zhengwu Liu, Yi Yang, Juan Hou, Songquan Wu, Jeremy H. Rao, Kai Zhang, Aijun Huang. Mechanical Property Evaluation of a SLMed Martensitic Stainless Steel[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2020, 33(11): 1466-1476.

Figures/Tables 13

Fig. 1 a Secondary electron image of powders used for the SLM process in this study, b powder size distribution (including D10, D50 and D90) of the raw powders

Table 1 Measured chemical compositions of as-received powder and as-fabricated sample (wt%)

Sample	C	Mn	Si	S	P	Cr	Fe
Powder	0.23	1.05	0.94	0.009	0.013	12.55	Bal.
Built sample	0.21	0.98	0.95	0.006	0.020	12.72	Bal.

Fig. 2 Schematic drawing of the tensile testing sample used in this study

Fig. 3 Brinell hardness (with standard deviation as the error bars) of the as-fabricated and heat-treated samples in both longitudinal and transverse directions, and the wrought AISI420

Fig. 4 a Representative tensile stress-strain curves of SLMed AISI420 in the two directions and wrought AISI420, b calculated tensile properties, which include 0.2% proof stress, ultimate tensile stress and total elongation, of AISI420 and wrought AISI420

Fig. 5 Optical micrograph of as-fabricated sample taken in the longitudinal direction

Fig. 6 Backscattered electron micrographs of as-fabricated samples taken at a longitudinal, b transverse directions, and phase maps with the area fractions of martensite and calculated from EBSD datasets of as-fabricated samples c longitudinal, d transverse directions

Fig. 7 Inverse pole figure orientation maps of martensitic phase on a longitudinal direction, b transverse direction of as-fabricated samples, with the black background austenitic phase, and inverse pole figure orientation maps of austenitic phase on c longitudinal direction, d transverse direction, with the black background martensitic phase

Fig. 8 Pole figures of a martensite, b austenite with their texture indexes in the longitudinal direction of the as-fabricated samples, with the building direction (Z) marked next to the pole figures

Fig. 9 IPF OMs of a, e martensitic phases, b, f austenitic phases in the two selected parent-austenitic grains, and the corresponding pole figures of c, g martensitic phases, d, h austenitic phases

Fig. 10 Backscattered electron images of heat-treated SLMed AISI420 taken at a longitudinal, b transverse directions; and phase maps with the area fractions of martensite and calculated from EBSD datasets of as-fabricated samples c longitudinal, d transverse directions

Fig. 11 IPF OMs of heat-treated SLMed AISI420 on a longitudinal, b transverse directions, and their corresponding pole figures on c longitudinal, d transverse directions with the texture indexes labelled

Fig. 12 a Grain size distribution, b grain orientation spread of austenitic grains in the as-fabricated sample and martensitic grains in both as-fabricated and heat-treated samples. Only the calculated results on longitudinal direction, which were also representative of those on transverse direction, were plotted

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