Improvement in Cr Nanoparticle Content in Ni-Cr Film by Co-deposition with Combined Surfactant HPB and CTAB

doi:10.1007/s40195-017-0580-9

Abstract

Abstract:

The effects of single surfactant hexadecylpyridinium bromide (HPB) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and the combination of HPB and CTAB on the Cr nanoparticle content in the Ni-Cr film prepared by co-deposition were investigated. Single HPB/CTAB addition inhibited the oxidation and amorphous transformation of the Cr nanoparticles in the plating bath and effectively stabilized the Cr nanoparticles content at approximately 10 mass% as a function of time. Moreover, the combination of HPB and CTAB formed a cylindrical micelle structure on the Cr nanoparticle surface, which prompted the formation of a layer of NiCr₂O₄. As a result, the Cr nanoparticle content increased sharply to 20 mass%.

Key words: Co-deposition, Ni-Cr film, Cr nanoparticle content, HPB, CTAB

Li-Juan Qin, Yuan-Chao Huang. Improvement in Cr Nanoparticle Content in Ni-Cr Film by Co-deposition with Combined Surfactant HPB and CTAB[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2017, 30(10): 999-1007.

Figures/Tables 12

Table 1 Parameters of the Ni-Cr co-deposition

Bath composition	NiSO₄·6H₂O: 50-100 g/L NaCl: 10 g/L C₆H₅NaO₇·2H₂O: 110 g/L HBO₃: 20 g/L
Cr nanoparticles concentration	50-300 g/L
Current density (DC)	0.5-5 A/dm²
Plating time	1 h
pH	5.5-6
Temperature	30 °C

Fig. 1 Relationship between Cr content in mass% in Ni-Cr film and a Cr nanoparticle concentrations in bath, b current density, c NiSO4 concentration in bath without surfactant

Fig. 2 Relationship between Cr content in mass% in Ni-Cr film and soaking time without surfactant

Fig. 3 Morphologies of Cr nanoparticle after soaking for a 1 day, b 30 days, c 120 days

Fig. 4 XPS spectra of Cr nanoparticle after soaking for 1 day and 120 days a survey spectrum, the Cr 2p3/2 spectra of Cr nanoparticle after soaking for b 1 day and c 120 days

Table 2 Binding energies for peak fitting of Cr2p3/2 spectra

Type of nanoparticle	Cr	Cr₂O₃	CrOOH	CrO₃	C-Cr-H	NiCr₂O₄
Fresh Cr	573/574	575.7	577	-	-	-
Cr soaking for 120 days	574	575.7	577	578	-	-
Cr with HPB	573/574	575.7	577	-	-	-
Cr with CTAB	573/574	575.7	577	-	-	-
Cr with HPB and CTAB	574	575.7	577	-	574.6	575.2

Fig. 5 Relationship between Cr content in mass% in Ni-Cr film and soaking time with the addition of HPB/CTAB

Fig. 6 Morphologies of Cr nanoparticle after 120 days of soaking in the bath with the addition of a HPB, b CTAB

Fig. 7 XPS spectra of Cr 2p3/2 of Cr nanoparticle after 120 days of soaking in the bath with the addition of a HPB, b CTAB

Fig. 8 The relationship between Cr content in mass% in Ni-Cr film and soaking time with the addition of combined HPB and CTAB

Fig. 9 Morphology of Cr nanoparticle after 120 days of soaking in the bath with the addition of combined HPB and CTAB

Fig. 10 a XPS spectra, b Cr 2p3/2 spectra, c Ni2p3/2 spectra obtained from Cr nanoparticle 120 days of soaking in the bath with the addition of combined HPB and CTAB

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