Fig. 1 The development history of TBCs [5,30,31,32,33,34,35]

Fig. 2 a First-stage turbine blade (TBCs), b second-stage turbine blade (TBCs) [45,46]

Fig. 3 a Section microstructure of nickel-based superalloy with TBCs, b schematic of microstructure of nickel-base superalloy [48]

Fig. 4 Typical TBCs structure [27,46]

Fig. 5 a Gradient TBCs, b multilayer TBCs [41]

Fig. 6 TBCs with different preparation techniques: a APS [114], b EB-PVD [115], c PS-PVD [118]

Fig. 7 TBCs progress and preparation methods of turbine engines (APS, EB-PVD, PS-PVD) [30,35,119,120,121,122,123,124,125,126,127]

Fig. 8 Schematic diagram of the PS process [145]

Fig. 9 a Diagrams of deposition mechanisms of SPS coatings, b diagrams of deposition mechanisms of SPPS coatings [154]

Fig. 10 a Powder deposition of NiCoCrAlY metal bond coat, b powder deposition of YSZ ceramic top-coat [153]

Fig. 11 EB-PVD technology working principle [158]

Fig. 12 Schematic diagram of the deposition primitives and sequence of microstructures [160]

Fig. 13 Schematic drawing of the arrangement of holder, sample, and vapor source [161]

Fig. 14 Schematic representation of the PS-PVD process [142]

Fig. 15 Deposition model of quasi-columnar coating in PS-PVD [162]

Fig. 16 Vapor ballistic deposition (VBD) model [166]

Fig. 17 Structure development of coating [166]

Fig. 18 Spatial distribution of three-column zones and multiple deposits in the plasma jet [168]

Fig. 19 TBCs key evaluation indexes [171,172,173,174]

Fig. 20 Thermal conductivity as a function of temperature for the as-sprayed YSZ and ScYSZ coatings [179]

Fig. 21 Thermal conductivity of different materials

Fig. 22 Coefficient of thermal expansion of different materials

Fig. 23 The bond strengths of the various coatings

Fig. 24 Corrosion model of TBCs for CMAS corrosion [43]

Fig. 25 Kinetics curves of A-TBCs and P-TBCs oxidized at 1100 °C for 100 h [247]

Fig. 26 a Thermal cycle lifetime, b thermal shock lifetime, of LZC, YSZ, and LZC/YSZ DCL coatings [251]

Fig. 27 The thermal cycling life of LaZrCeO/YSZ with GTL, without GTL, LaZrCeO and YSZ [253]

Fig. 28 Thermal cycle life of three coatings [254]