Bifunctional Two-Dimensional Nanocomposite with Electromagnetic Wave Absorption and Anti-bacterial Performance

doi:10.1007/s40195-023-01580-1

Abstract

Abstract:

In current electronic information era, the complex application circumstance of 5G devices pursues the exploration of multi-functional electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorbent materials and it has become the crucial focus in industrial development. A two-dimensional (2D) graphite nanosheet decorated by nickel nanocapsules (2D graphite/Ni@C nanocomposite) was fabricated to possess the EMW absorption and the Escherichia coli (E. coli) anti-bacterial performance simultaneously. By adjusting the filling ratio and injecting nitrogen doping, the value of minimum reflection loss is − 36.08 dB and the effective absorption bandwidth reaches to 5.12 GHz (from 11.4 to 16.52 GHz) with the mass ratio of 30 wt% and the absorber thickness of 2 mm. This 2D nanocomposite simultaneously gets an excellent anti-bacterial function expressing an E. coli anti-bacterial rate of 92% during 24 h which is significantly correlated to the interaction between the nanostructure of the 2D nanographite and the nickel ion released from Ni@C nanocapsules. This work provides a new approach to develop a promising 2D anti-bacterial EMW absorber.

Key words: Bifunctional electromagnetic wave absorbent material, Nickel-based two-dimensional nanocomposite, E. coli anti-bacterial performance

Jiacheng Shen, Xinrui Zhang, Chunguang Yang, Zixuan Lei, Shuaizhen Li, Lin Ma, Dianyu Geng, Song Ma, Wei Liu, Zhidong Zhang. Bifunctional Two-Dimensional Nanocomposite with Electromagnetic Wave Absorption and Anti-bacterial Performance[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2023, 36(9): 1559-1571.

Figures/Tables 8

Fig. 1 a Synthesis process illustration of 2D graphite/Ni@C nanocomposite. SEM b and TEM c, d, e images for 2D graphite/Ni@C nanocomposite

Fig. 2 a XRD pattern, b Raman spectrum, c DSC (blue curve) and TG (green curve) of 2D graphite/Ni@C nanocomposite. The typical XPS spectra of high-resolution narrow scan on d carbon and e nitrogen. f Hysteresis loop at 300 K for 2D graphite/Ni@C nanocomposite

Fig. 3 Analysis diagram for EMW absorbent property of 2D graphite/Ni@C nanocomposite. a RL curve corresponding to 2-18 GHz frequency with different mass filling ratios at 2 mm thickness, b stereogram of EAB with different thicknesses and mass filling ratios, c RL-thickness-frequency 3D plots of 30 wt% 2D graphite/Ni@C nanocomposite, d contour map of 30 wt% 2D graphite/Ni@C nanocomposite, e impedance matching degree diagram, f attenuation coefficient curves, g dielectric loss tangent curves, h magnetic loss tangent curves, i comparison of the EMW performance of recent typical graphene- or nickel-based reported materials

Fig. 4 Dielectric loss mechanism of a electric dipole polarization from N doping, b interfacial polarization from nickel core and carbon shell, c conductive network for the 2D graphite/Ni@C nanocomposite

Table 1 EMW performance comparison of 2D graphite/Ni@C nanocomposite with other typical graphene- or nickel-based reported materials

Sample	Minimum RL value (dB)	Frequency (GHz)	Thickness corresponding to bandwidth (mm)	Bandwidth (GHz) (RL ≤ − 10 dB)	References
Sandwich-like graphene@NiO@PANI	− 37.5	13.4	3.5	4.9	[43]
Waxberry-like Ni@C	− 73.2	12.3	2.2	4.8	[44]
Porous flowerlike NiO@graphene	− 59.6	14.16	1.7	4.3	[45]
WS₂ nanosheets with NiO nanoparticles	− 53.3	7.12	2.2	4.88	[46]
N-RGO/FeNi₃	− 57.2	-	1.45	3.4	[47]
RGO/VN nanowire	− 41.5	13.7	1.5	3.9	[48]
Ni@C/NC	− 38.3	11.7	2.4	4.1	[49]
Graphene/BaFe₁₂O₁₉	− 18.35	10.64	2	3.32	[50]
Graphene/PANI	− 42.3	11.2	3	3.2	[51]
Graphene/LiFePO4	− 61.4	-	2.4	4	[52]
Ni@C	− 36.08	13.5	2	5.12	This work

Fig. 5 Schematic diagram of E. coli anti-bacterial performance evaluation. a Typical bacterial colony images grown for 6 h, 12 h and 24 h of mixing the 2D graphite/Ni@C nanocomposite and typical blank control bacterial colony images of unreleasing 2D graphite/Ni@C nanocomposite. b Average amount of E. coli from six groups after 6 h, 12 h and 24 h of blank control and mixing the 2D graphite/Ni@C nanocomposite. c Anti-bacterial rate calculated from the data of b after co-incubated with E. coli for 6 h, 12 h and 24 h. d Concentration of nickel released from the 2D graphite/Ni@C nanocomposite for 6 h, 12 h and 24 h

Fig. 6 a Blank control of live/dead fluorescent images of the E. coli bacteria after 24 h. b Adding the 2D graphite/Ni@C nanocomposite of live/dead fluorescent images of the E. coli bacteria after 24 h

Fig. 7 2D graphite/Ni@C nanocomposite properties, principles and application of simple frame diagram

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