Facile One-Pot Green Synthesis and Antibacterial Activities of GO/Ag Nanocomposites

doi:10.1007/s40195-016-0517-8

Abstract

Abstract:

New materials with good antibacterial activity synthesized by simple, environmentally friendly method have attracted numerous research interests. Taking advantage of Ag and graphene oxide (GO), the GO/Ag nanocomposites were prepared by a facile, green “one-pot” reaction to achieve superior antibacterial properties. AgNO₃ is as a precursor of Ag nanoparticles (Ag NPs), and the grape seeds extract as an environmentally friendly reducing and stabilizing agent. The as-prepared GO/Ag nanocomposites were characterized by various technologies. The results indicated that the silver ion was reduced by the grade seeds extract and Ag NPs were decorated on the surface of GO nanosheets successfully. The average size of the Ag NPs anchored on the GO surface was 40-50 nm. In this study, we prepared GO/Ag nanocomposites with different Ag NPs to GO ratios and carefully investigated their antibacterial activities. We found that the GO/Ag nanocomposites show better antibacterial activity when the concentration of AgNO₃ is 2 mM. GO/Ag nanocomposites have a minimum inhibitory concentration 23.8 μg/mL, lower than bare Ag NPs 25.5 μg/mL. We try to explain the antibacterial mechanism based on optical microscopy observation.

Key words: GO/Ag nanocomposites, Green “one-pot” reaction, Superior antibacterial properties

Chong-Chong Liu,Hui Xu,Lei Wang,Xuan Qin. Facile One-Pot Green Synthesis and Antibacterial Activities of GO/Ag Nanocomposites[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2017, 30(1): 36-44.

Figures/Tables 12

Fig. 1 a Photograph of aqueous suspension of as-prepared GO nanosheets and synthesized different concentrations of GO/Ag nanocomposites (from left to right, the concentration of AgNO3 is 1, 2 and 3 mM, respectively). b UV-Vis spectra of grape seeds extract, the GO suspension and GO/Ag nanocomposites with different concentrations of AgNO3

Fig. 2 XRD patterns of the GO a and GO/Ag samples with 1 mM AgNO3b, 2 mM AgNO3c, 3 mM AgNO3d

Fig. 3 TEM images of GO nanosheet, and as-prepared GO/Ag nanocomposites with different concentrations of AgNO3. a GO nanosheet, b-d as-prepared GO/Ag nanocomposites (the concentration of AgNO3 is 1, 2 and 3 mM, respectively)

Fig. 4 FTIR spectra of the GO/Ag samples with 1 mM AgNO3a, 2 mM AgNO3b, 3 mM AgNO3c, the grape seeds extract d

Table 1 Mean zone of inhibition of GO/Ag with different GO/Ag ratios against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus

Zone of inhibition (mm)
Sample	Escherichia coli	Staphylococcus aureus
GO/Ag (1 mM AgNO₃)	14.30	14.10
GO/Ag (2 mM AgNO₃)	15.90	14.90
GO/Ag (3 mM AgNO₃)	15.10	13.70

Fig. 5 Antimicrobial effect of different samples on eight different microorganisms (1, GO/Ag, 2, Ag NPs, 3, GO alone, 4, the grape seeds extract)

Table 2 Mean zone of inhibition of GO/Ag against various pathogenic bacteria (n = 8)

Bacteria strains	Zone of inhibition (mm)
Bacteria strains	GO/Ag
Escherichia coli	15.90
Pseudomonas aeruginosa	15.50
Staphylococcus aureus	14.90
Bacillus subtilis	13.50
Vibrio anguillaru	15.50
Vibrio alginolyticus	13.25
Aeromonas punctata	14.75
Vibrio parahaemolyticus	17.50

Fig. 6 Zeta potential of GO/Ag hybrid material in water (2 mM AgNO3) a, GO b, bare Ag NPs c

Table 3 MIC and MBC tests of biologically synthesized GO/Ag nanocomposites

	Concentration of GO/Ag (μg/mL)	24 h	48 h
1	190.6	-	-
2	95.3	-	-
3	47.7	-	-
4	23.8	-	+
5	11.9	+	+
6	5.95	+	+
7	2.98	+	+
8	1.49	+	+

Fig. 7 Bacterial inhibition growth kinetics of normal saline, 10 μg/mL GO/Ag and 20 μg/mL GO/Ag nanocomposites

Fig. 8 Mean zone of inhibition of GO/Ag nanocomposites (2 mM AgNO3) after treatment at different temperatures against Escherichia coli

Fig. 9 Optical microscopy images for Escherichia coli stained with crystal violet without a, with b GO/Ag

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