Synthesis of ZrC Nanoparticles in the ZrO2-Mg-C-Fe System Through Mechanically Activated Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis

doi:10.1007/s40195-014-0152-1

Abstract

Abstract:

ZrC nanoparticles in the matrix of Fe were produced by the mechanically activated self-propagating high-temperature method using ZrO₂/C/Mg/Fe powder mixtures. The effects of milling time, Fe content, and combustion temperature as well as the formation route for synthesizing ZrC powder particles were studied. The samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, and DTA. The XRD results revealed that, after 18 h of mechanical activation, ZrO₂/ZC/Mg/Fe reacted with the self-propagating combustion (SHS) mode at 870°C producing the ZrC-Fe nanocomposite. It was also found that both mechanical activation and Fe content played key roles in the ZrC synthesis temperature. With a Fe content of (5-40) wt%, the SHS reaction proceeded favorably and both the ZrC formation temperature and the adiabatic temperature (T_ad) decreased. The MgO content was removed from the final products using a leaching test process by dissolving in hydrochloric and acetic acids.

Key words: Mechanical activation (MA), Combustion synthesis, Fe-ZrC composite, Leaching process

Hajalilou Abdollah, Hashim Mansor, Mohamed kamari Halimah, Javadi Kazem, Kanagesan Samikannu, Parastegari Mohammad. Synthesis of ZrC Nanoparticles in the ZrO₂-Mg-C-Fe System Through Mechanically Activated Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2014, 27(6): 1144-1151.

Figures/Tables 12

Table 1 Properties of the raw materials used

Powder	Average particle size (µm)	Purity (wt%)	Supplier
ZrO₂ (zirconia)	<50	99.9	Merck (P.N. 1089170100)
Mg	<46	99.9	Merck (P.N. 1087120005)
C (graphite)	<50	99.9	Merck (P.N. 1042062500)
Fe (iron)	<120	99.9	Merck (P.N. 1038151000)

Fig. 1 XRD patterns of ZrO2/Mg/C/5 wt% Fe powder mixture ignited at different temperatures without mechanical activation (ZrO2 (monoclinic) (filled square), ZrO2 (tetragonal) (open square), MgO (filled triangle), Fe2O3 (filled circle))

Fig. 2 XRD patterns taken from an initial powder mixture with 5% iron ignited at 870 °C after different mechanical activation times (ZrO2 (monoclinic) (filled square), ZrO2 (tetragonal) (open square), ZrO2 (cubic) (open circle), MgO (filled triangle), Fe2Zr (filled club), Fe (filled diamond), ZrC (filled inverted triangle))

Fig. 3 DTA and DSC curves for 24 h-activated powder

Fig. 4 Adiabatic temperature (T ad) and combustion temperature (T c) as a function of Fe content

Fig. 5 XRD patterns taken from the initial powder mixture with 0% a, 20% b, and 60% c iron activated for 24 h and ignited at 870 °C (ZrO2 (monoclinic) (filled square), ZrO2 (cubic) (open circle), MgO (filled triangle), Fe (filled diamond), ZrC (filled inverted triangle))

Fig. 6 The equilibrium phase diagram of Fe-Zr

Fig. 7 The equilibrium phase diagram of Zr-C

Fig. 8 XRD patterns of the 30 h-activated sample ignited at 870 °C (including 5% iron): a before dissolution in HCl, b after dissolution in HCl at a temperature of about 60 °C for 90 min (MgO (filled triangle), ZrC (filled inverted triangle))

Fig. 9 SEM a and TEM b images of ZrC after dissolution in HCl

Fig. 10 XRD patterns of the sample with 20% iron (activation time of 24 h, ignition temperature of 870 °C): a before dissolution in acetic acid, b after dissolution in acetic acid for 90 min at room temperature (ZrO2 (cubic) (open circle), MgO (filled triangle), Fe (filled diamond), ZrC (filled inverted triangle))

Fig. 11 SEM a and TEM b micrographs of ZrC-Fe composite after dissolution in acetic acid

References 24

[1]	A. Arya, E.A. Carter, J. Surf.Sci. 560, 103(2004)
[2]	X.M. Cui, Y.S. Nam, J.Y. Lee, W.H. Park, J. Mater.Lett. 62, 1961(2008)
[3]	B.P. Das, M. Panneerselvam, K.J. Rao,J. Solid State Chem. 173, 196(2003)
[4]	W.A. Mackie, P.R. Davis, IEEE Trans. Electron Devices 36, 220 (1989)
[5]	S. Shinada, M. Nishisako, J. Am.Ceram.Soc. 78, 41(1995)
[6]	D. Karabi, T.K. Bandyopadhyay, J. Mater. Sci.Eng. A 379, 83 (2004)
[7]	M.Q. Zhang, J.J. He, W.J. Liu, M.L. Zhong, J. Surf.Coat.Technol. 162, 140(2003)
[8]	B.S. Terry, O.S. Chinyamakobvu, J. Mater.Sci.Lett. 10, 628(1991)
[9]	T.Z. Kattamis, T. Suganuma, J. Mater. Sci.Eng.A 128, 1241 (1990)
[10]	Z.Y. Fu, W.M. Wang, H. Wang, R.Z. Yuan, Z.A. Munir, Int. J. SHS 2, 175 (1993)
[11]	Y.J. Yan, J. Sol-Gel,Sci. Technol. 44, 97(2007)
[12]	M.B. Dickerson, P.J. Wurm, J.R. Schorr, J. Mater.Sci. 39, 6005(2004)
[13]	M.S. El-Eskandarany, A.A. Mahday, H.A. Ahmed, A.A. Amer, J. Alloys Compd. 312, 315(2000)
[14]	A. Hajalilou, M. Hashim, M. Nahavandi, I. Ismail,Adv. Powder Technol. 25, 423(2014)
[15]	A. Hajalilou, M. Hashim, R. Ebrahimi-Kahizsangi, I. Ismail, N. Sarami,Adv. Powder Technol. 25, 1094(2014)
[16]	M.A. Korchagin, N.Z. Lyakhov, J. Phys.Chem. 2, 73(2008)
[17]	J.S. Benjamin, T.E. Volin, J. Metall.Trans.B 5, 1929 (1974)
[18]	G.K. Williamson, W.H. Hall,Acta Metall. 1, 22(1953)
[19]	S. Shukla, S. Seal, J. Phys.Chem. B 108, 3395 (2004)
[20]	A.G. Merzhanov, J. Mater.Chem. 14, 1779(2004)
[21]	Y.J. Liang, Y.C. Che, Notebook of Thermodynamic Data of Inorganic (East-North University Press, Shengyang, 1996), p. 83
[22]	R.S. Wagner, W.C. Ellis, K.A. Jackson, S.M. Arnold, J. Appl.Phys.Lett. 35, 2993(1964)
[23]	A.M. Nartowski, I.P. Parkin, M. Mackenzie, A.J. Craven, I. Macleod, J. Mater.Chem. 9, 1275(1999)
[24]	A.P. Hardt, P.V. Phung, J.Combust, Flame 21, 77 (1973)

Synthesis of ZrC Nanoparticles in the ZrO₂-Mg-C-Fe System Through Mechanically Activated Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 12

References 24

Related Articles 4

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments

[1]	Guang-Jie Feng, Zhuo-Ran Li, Rui-Hua Liu, Shi-Cheng Feng. Effects of Joining Conditions on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of C_f/Al Composites and TiAl Alloy Combustion Synthesis Joints [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2015, 28(4): 405-413.
[2]	Feng Qiu, Yue Han, Ai Cheng, Jianbang Lu, Qichuan Jiang. Effect of Cr Content on the Compression Properties and Abrasive Wear Behavior of the High-Volume Fraction (TiC-TiB₂)/Cu Composites [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2014, 27(5): 951-956.
[3]	W. P. Liu; F. X. Zhai and C. H. Ding (Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian Railway Institute, Dalian 116028, China). JOINING OF Ni_3Al BY PRESSURIZED COMBUSTION SYNTHESIS USING GLEEBLE 1500 TEST SIMULATOR [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2000, 13(1): 217-222.
[4]	Z.Q. Wang1 ,2) , T.C. Ma2) , G.W. Liu2) , Y.J. Cai2) and B.L. Lu1) 1) College of Chemical Engineering ,Dalian University of Technology ,Dalian 116012 ,China, 2) Department of Material Science and Engineering, Dalian Institute of LightIndustry ,Dalian 116034 ,China. THE STUDY ON SYNTHESIS OF ULTRAFINE_α Al_2O_3 BYLOW TEMPERATURE COMBUSTION PROCESS [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 1999, 12(4): 684-688.