Reduction in Microsegregation in Al-Cu Alloy by Alternating Magnetic Field

doi:10.1007/s40195-019-00933-z

摘要/Abstract

Abstract:

The microsegregation behavior of the Al-4.5 wt%Cu alloy solidified at different cooling rates under the alternating magnetic field (AMF) was investigated. The experimental results showed that the amount of non-equilibrium eutectics in the interdendritic region decreased upon applying the AMF at the same cooling rate. The change in microsegregation could be explained quantificationally by the modifications of dendritic coarsening, solid-state back diffusion and convection in the AMF. The enhanced diffusivity in the solid owing to the AMF was beneficial for the improvement in microsegregation compared to the cases without an AMF. In contrast, the enhanced dendritic coarsening and forced convection in the AMF were found to aggravate the microsegregation level. Considering the contributions of the changes in above factors, an increase in solid diffusivity was found to be primarily responsible for the reduced microsegregation in the AMF. In addition, the microsegregation in the AMF was modeled using the analytical model developed by Voller. The calculated and experimental results were in reasonable agreement.

Key words: Microsegregation, Solidification, Alternating magnetic field, Diffusion, Coarsening, Convection

. [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2020, 33(2): 267-274.

Sheng-Ya He, Chuan-Jun Li, Tong-Jun Zhan, Wei-Dong Xuan, Jiang Wang, Zhong-Ming Ren. Reduction in Microsegregation in Al-Cu Alloy by Alternating Magnetic Field[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2020, 33(2): 267-274.

图/表 9

Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of experimental apparatus for alloy solidification in an AMF

Fig. 2 One-dimensional domain for microsegregation model

Fig. 3 Morphologies of Al-4.5 wt%Cu alloy solidified at the cooling rate of 15 °C min-1 with different AMF intensities: a 0 T; b 0.05 T; c 0.1 T; d non-equilibrium lamellar eutectics under 0.1 T

Fig. 4 Amount of non-equilibrium eutectics in the solidified Al-4.5 wt%Cu alloy at various cooling rates with and without AMFs

Fig. 5 a SDAS plotted against the cubic root of solidification time, b coarsening coefficient in different AMF intensities and c amount of non-equilibrium eutectics calculated using measured coarsening coefficients. The following values are used for calculations: k0 = 0.14, Ceut = 33.2 wt% [33], \(D_{\text{s}} = 2.04 \times 10^{ - 5} \exp ( - 15336/T)\) m2 s-1 [34]

Fig. 6 a Calculative effective solid diffusion coefficient at 548 °C in AMFs. The following parameters are used: ρd0 = 1013 m-2, H0 = 0.1 T [43], r = 0.5 nm [44], \(D_{\text{eff}} (0) = 2.04 \times 10^{ - 5} \exp ( - \;15336 /T)\) m2 s-1 [34], \(D_{\text{d}} = 1.71 \times 10^{ - 4} \exp ( - \;9780.8 /T)\) m2 s-1 [44], \(D_{\text{L}} = 2 \times 10^{ - 6} \exp ( - \;17159.4 /T)\) m2 s-1 [45]; b calculated amount of non-equilibrium eutectics in consideration of the change in solid diffusivity in the AMF

Fig. 7 a Effective partition coefficients at different cooling rates with different AMFs, b concentration versus fraction solid profiles at the cooling rate of 15 °C min-1 with different AMFs

Table 1 Parameters of Al-4.5 wt%Cu alloy for calculations

Fig. 8 Calculated and experimental results of amount of non-equilibrium eutectics with and without AMFs

参考文献

[1]	R. Smith, Metall. Mater. Trans. B 49, 6 (2018)
[2]	J.T. Yue, F.W. Voltmer, J. Cryst. Growth 29, 3 (1975)
[3]	R.M. Kearsey, J.C. Beddoes, K.M. Jaansalu, W.T. Thompson, P. Au, in Superalloy, ed. by K.A. Green, T.M. Pollock, H. Harada, T.E. Howson, R.C. Reed, J.J. Schirra, S. Walston (TMS, Pennsylvania, 2004), p. 801
[4]	L. Ling, Y. Han, W. Zhou, H. Gao, D. Shu, J. Wang, M. Kang, B. Sun, Metall. Mater. Trans. A 46, 1 (2015)
[5]	M. Paliwal, D.H. Kang, E. Essadiqi, I.H. Jung, Metall. Mater. Trans. A 45, 8 (2014)
[6]	R. Guo, C. Li, S. He, J. Wang, W. Xuan, X. Li, Y. Zhong, Z. Ren, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 57, 8(2018)
[7]	J. Wang, Y. He, J. Li, C. Li, H. Kou, P. Zhang, E. Beaugnon, Mater. Chem. Phys. 225, 133(2019)
[8]	L. Hou, Y. Dai, Y. Fautrelle, Z. Li, Z. Ren, C. Esling, X. Li, J. Alloys Compd. 758, 25(2018)
[9]	Y. Hou, Z.Q. Zhang, W.D. Xuan, J. Wang, J.B. Yu, Z.M. Ren, Acta Metall. Sin. (Engl. Lett.) 31, 681(2018)
[10]	Q. Wang, T. Liu, K. Wang, P. Gao, Y. Liu, J. He, ISIJ Int. 54, 3(2014)
[11]	J. Wang, X. Lin, Y. Fautrelle, H. Nguyen-Thi, Z. Ren, Metall. Mater. Trans. B 49, 3 (2018)
[12]	C. Stelian, Y. Delannoy, Y. Fautrelle, T. Duffar, J. Cryst. Growth 266, 1 (2004)
[13]	C. Stelian, Y. Delannoy, Y. Fautrelle, T. Duffar, J. Cryst. Growth 275, 1 (2005)
[14]	D. Chen, H. Zhang, H. Jiang, J. Cui, Materialwiss. Werkstofftech. 42, 6(2011)
[15]	C. Li, Y.D. Yu, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 559, 22 (2013)
[16]	F. Wang, L. Zhang, A. Deng, X. Xu, E. Wang, Metals 6, 1 (2015)
[17]	A. Roósz, E. Halder, H.E. Exner, Mater. Sci. Technol. 1, 12(1985)
[18]	T. Kraft, Y.A. Chang, Metall. Mater. Trans. A 29, 9 (1998)
[19]	T. Himemiya, T. Umeda, ISIJ Int. 38, 7(1998)
[20]	V.R. Voller, J. Cryst. Growth 226, 4 (2001)
[21]	A. Noeppel, A. Ciobanas, X.D. Wang, K. Zaidat, N. Mangelinck, O. Budenkova, A. Weiss, G. Zimmermann, Y. Fautrelle, Metall. Mater. Trans. B 41, 1 (2010)
[22]	V.R. Voller, Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 43, 11(2000)
[23]	M.N. Gungor, Metall. Trans. A 20, 11 (1989)
[24]	W.V. Youdelis, R.C. Dorward, Can. J. Phys. 44, 1(1966)
[25]	D.H. Kirkwood, Mater. Sci. Eng. 65, 1(1984)
[26]	V.R. Voller, S. Sundarraj, Mater. Sci. Technol. 9, 6(1993)
[27]	T. Kraft, M. Rettenmayr, H.E. Exner, Model. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. 4, 2(1996)
[28]	M. Basaran, Metall. Trans. A 12, 7 (1981)
[29]	A. Mortensen, Metall. Trans. A 20, 2 (1989)
[30]	D.H. Kirkwood, Mater. Sci. Eng. 73, 1(1985)
[31]	Y. Aoki, S. Hayashi, H. Komatsu, J. Cryst. Growth 123, 1 (1992)
[32]	Z. Sun, X. Guo, M. Guo, C. Li, J. Vleugels, Z. Ren, O. Van der Biest, B. Blanpain, J. Phys. Chem. C 116, 33 (2012)
[33]	M.E. Glicksman, Principles of Solidification (Springer, New York, 2011), pp. 345-368
[34]	E.C. Kurum, H.B. Dong, J.D. Hunt, Metall. Mater. Trans. A 36, 11 (2005)
[35]	H.D. Brody, Dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1965
[36]	T.W. Clyne, W. Kurz, Metall. Trans. A 12, 6 (1981)
[37]	X. Liu, J. Cui, F. Yu, J. Mater. Sci. 39, 8(2004)
[38]	X. Liu, J. Cui, Y. Guo, X. Wu, J. Zhang, Mater. Lett. 58, 9(2004)
[39]	X. Liu, J. Cui, X. Wu, Y. Guo, J. Zhang, Scr. Mater. 52, 1(2005)
[40]	C. Li, S. He, Y. Fan, H. Engelhardt, S. Jia, W. Xuan, X. Li, Y. Zhong, Z. Ren, Appl. Phys. Lett. 110, 7(2017)
[41]	C. Li, S. He, H. Engelhardt, T. Zhan, W. Xuan, X. Li, Y. Zhong, Z. Ren, M. Rettenmayr, Sci. Rep. 7, 1(2017)
[42]	M.J. Hordon, B.L. Averbach, Acta Metall. 9, 3(1961)
[43]	M. Molotskii, V. Fleurov, Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 14(1997)
[44]	G.P.P. Pun, Y. Mishin, Acta Mater. 57, 18(2009)
[45]	T.G. Stoebe, H.I. Dawson, Phys. Rev. 166, 3(1968)
[46]	V. Galindo, G. Gerbeth, W. von Ammon, E. Tomzig, J. Virbulis, Energy Convers. Manag. 43, 3(2002)
[47]	A. Mitric, T. Duffar, C.D. Guerra, V. Corregidor, L.C. Alves, C. Garnier, G. Vian, J. Cryst. Growth 287, 2 (2006)
[48]	A. Ghofrani, M.H. Dibaei, A.H. Sima, M.B. Shafii, Exp. Therm. Fluid. Sci. 49, 193(2013)