Enhanced Wear Resistance of Ni/h-BN Composites with Graphene Addition Produced by Spark Plasma Sintering

doi:10.1007/s40195-018-0844-z

摘要/Abstract

关键词: Graphene, h-BN, Wear, Ni matrix composites

Abstract:

：Ni-based self-lubricating composites containing a fixed amount of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) (5 wt%) and different amounts of graphene (0-1.5 wt%) were prepared by ultrasonic dispersion, high-energy ball milling, and spark plasma sintering. The effects of the graphene content on the physical, mechanical, and wear properties of the Ni/h-BN composites were evaluated. These properties were first enhanced with increasing graphene content, reaching optimal behavior for a graphene content of 1 wt%, and then degraded with further graphene addition. Compared to the pure Ni/h-BN composite, the relative density, hardness, and bending strength of the composite with 1 wt% graphene increased by 2.7%, 7.4%, and 6.3%, respectively, while the friction coefficient decreased by 56% to 0.31, and a reduction in wear rate by a factor of 5-15 was observed. The mechanism for improving the wear properties of the composite with added graphene was due to the formation of a graphene lubricating film on the worn surface, which increased the load bearing capacity of the surface and enhanced lubrication during wear.

Key words: Graphene, h-BN, Wear, Ni matrix composites

. [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2019, 32(7): 876-886.

Jiao Xu, Dan-Qing Yi, Qiang Cui, Bin Wang. Enhanced Wear Resistance of Ni/h-BN Composites with Graphene Addition Produced by Spark Plasma Sintering[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2019, 32(7): 876-886.

图/表 11

Fig. 1 Characterization of graphene, Ni, h-BN, and as-milled 0.5Gr powders. a graphene; b XRD pattern of graphene; SEM images of c Ni powders, d h-BN powders, e as-milled 0.5Gr powders; f Raman spectra of graphene and as-milled 0.5Gr powders

Fig. 2 3D X-ray diffraction patterns of the composites

Fig. 3 Raman spectra of the composites

Fig. 4 Microstructures of the composites. a 0Gr; b 0.5Gr; c 1.0Gr; d 1.5Gr

Fig. 5 a Microstructure of sample 0.5Gr; b nickel, c carbon, and d boron EPMA mapping images of a

Table 1 Physical and mechanical properties of the composites

Samples	Geometric density (g/cm³)	Relative density (%)	Hardness (HV)	Bending strength (MPa)
0Gr	7.372	94.0	110?±?2.0	281?±?0.7
0.5Gr	7.330	95.4	112?±?2.3	283?±?1.2
1.0Gr	7.202	96.5	118?±?3.6	298?±?1.6
1.5Gr	7.198	95.1	105?±?3.3	297?±?2.1

Fig. 6 Friction coefficients of the composites a 0Gr; b 0.5Gr; c 1.0Gr; d 1.5Gr under different loads

Fig. 7 a Average friction coefficients, b specific wear rates of the composites under different loads

Fig. 8 SEM images of the worn surfaces of the composites under different loads

Fig. 9 3D topography of the composites at 5 N. a 0Gr; b 0.5Gr; c 1.0Gr; d 1.5Gr

Fig. 10 EPMA maps of the worn surfaces of graphene-reinforced Ni/h-BN composites with different contents of graphene at 9 N

参考文献

[1]	O.A.M. J. Alloys Compd. 625, 309(2015).
[2]	S. Mahathanabodee, T. Palathai, S. Raadnui, R. Tongsri, N. Sombatsompop, Mater. Des. 46, 588(2013).
[3]	S. Zhang, J. Zhou, B. Guo, H. Zhou, Y. Pu, J. Chen, Mater. Sci. Eng., A 491, 47 (2009).
[4]	M.V. Gorshenkov, S.D. Kaloshkin, V.V. Tcherdyntsev, V.D. Danilov, V.N. Gulbin, J. Alloys Compd. 536, 126(2012).
[5]	H. Chi, L. Jiang, G. Chen, P. Kang, X. Lin, G. Wu, Mater. Des. 87, 960(2015).
[6]	G. Bolelli, A. Candeli, L. Lusvarghi, A. Ravaux, A. Denoirjean, S. Valette, C. Chazelas, E. Meillot, L. Bianchi, Wear 378-379, 68(2017).
[7]	S. Farahany, H. Ghandvar, N.A. Nordin, A. Ravaux, K. Cazes, A. Denoirjean, S. Valette, C. Chazelas, E. Meillot, L. Bianchi, J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 32, 1083(2016).
[8]	R. Tyagi, D. Xiong, J. Li, Wear 270, 423 (2011).
[9]	W. Zhai, X. Shi, K. Yang, Y. Huang, L. Zhou, W. Lu, Acta Metall. Sin. (Engl. Lett.) 30, 1(2017).
[10]	S. Mahathanabodee, T. Palathai, S. Raadnui, R. Tongsri, N. Sombatsompop, Wear 316, 37 (2014).
[11]	B. Chen, Q. Bi, J. Yang, Y. Xia, J. Hao, Tribol. Int. 41, 1145(2008).
[12]	X. Sheng, W. Cai, L. Zhong, D. Xie, X. Zhang, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 54(2), 150107081819009(2015).
[13]	D. Berman, A. Erdemir, A.V. Sumant, Mater. Today 17, 31 (2014).
[14]	H. Algul, M. Tokur, S. Ozcan, M. Uysal, T. Cetinkaya, H. Akbulut, A. Alp, Appl. Surf. Sci. 359, 340(2015).
[15]	M.E. Turan, Y. Sun, Y. Akgul, Y. Turen, H. Ahlatci, J. Alloys Compd. 724, 14(2017).
[16]	J. Li, X. Zhang, L. Geng, Mater. Des. 144, 159(2018).
[17]	M. Uysal, H. Akbulut, M. Tokur, H. Algul, T. Cetinkaya, J. Alloys Compd. 654, 185(2016).
[18]	Y. Song, Y. Chen, W.W. Liu, W.L. Li, Y.G. Wang, D. Zhao, X.B. Liu, Mater. Des. 109, 256(2016).
[19]	G. Odahara, S. Otani, C. Oshima, M. Suzuki, T. Yasue, T. Koshikawa, Surf. Sci. 605, 1095(2011).
[20]	D. Kuang, L. Xu, L. Liu, W. Hua, Y. Wu, Appl. Surf. Sci. 273, 484(2013).
[21]	Z. Hu, G. Tong, D. Lin, C. Chen, H. Guo, J. Xu, L. Zhou, J. Mater. Process. Technol. 231, 143(2016).
[22]	H. Yue, L. Yao, X. Gao, S. Zhang, E. Guo, H. Zhang, X. Lin, B. Wang, J. Alloys Compd. 691, 755(2017).
[23]	J. Wang, Z. Li, G. Fan, H. Pan, Z. Chen, D. Zhang, Scr. Mater. 66, 594(2012).
[24]	L.H. Liu, C. Yang, F. Wang, S.G. Qu, X.Q. Li, W.W. Zhang, Y.Y. Li, L.C. Zhang, Mater. Des. 79, 1(2015).
[25]	L.H. Liu, C. Yang, L.M. Kang, Y. Long, Z.Y. Xiao, P.J. Li, L.C. Zhang, Mater. Sci. Eng., A 650, 171 (2016).
[26]	C. Yang, L.M. Kang, X.X. Li, W.W. Zhang, D.T. Zhang, Z.Q. Fu, Y.Y. Li, L.C. Zhang, E.J. Lavernia, Acta Mater. 132, 491(2017).
[27]	H.B. Feng, Y. Zhou, D.C. Jia, Mater. Sci. Technol. 11, 327(2003).
[28]	A. Nieto, D. Lahiri, A. Agarwal, Carbon 50, 4068 (2012).
[29]	T.D. Shen, W.Q. Ge, K.Y. Wang, M.X. Quan, J.T. Wang, W.D. Wei, C.C. Koch, Nanostruct. Mater. 7, 393(1996).
[30]	C. Ferrari, J.C. Meyer, V. Scardaci, C. Casiraghi, M. Lazzeri, F. Mauri, S. Piscanec, D. Jiang, K.S. Novoselov, S. Roth, A.K. Geim, Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 187401(2006).
[31]	M.S. Dresselhaus, A. Jorio, M. Hofmann, G. Dresselhaus, R. Saito, Nano Lett. 10, 751(2010).
[32]	Z. Ren, N. Meng, K. Shehzad, Y. Xu, S. Qu, B. Yu, J.K. Luo, Nanotechnology 26, 065706 (2015).
[33]	H. Gisele, J.M. Kelen, C.G. Priscilada et al., Wear 376-377, 1084(2017).
[34]	P. Yu, L.C. Zhang, W.Y. Zhang, J. Das, K.B. Kim, J. Eckert, Mater. Sci. Eng., A 444, 206 (2007).
[35]	T. Li, D. Yi, J. Hu, J. Xu, J. Liu, B. Wang, J. Alloys Compd. 723, 345(2017).
[36]	Y. Su, Y. Zhang, J. Song, L. Hu, Wear 372-373, 130(2017).
[37]	L. Rapoport, A. Moshkovich, V. Perfilyev, I. Lapsker, G. Halperin, Y. Itovich, I. Etsion, Surf. Coat. Technol. 202, 3332(2008).
[38]	H. Porwal, P. Tatarko, R. Saggar, S. Grasso, M.K. Mani, I. Dlouhy, J. Dusza, M.J. Reece, Ceram. Int. 10, 12067(2014).
[39]	D. Buckley, ASLE Trans. 21, 118(1976).
[40]	R. Harichandran, N. Selvakumar, Int. J. Mech. Sci. 000, 1(2017).
[41]	J.L. Zou, X.L. Shi, Q. Shen, K. Yang, Y.C. Huang, A. Zhang, Y.F. Wang, Q.X. Zhang, Acta Metall. Sin. (Engl. Lett.) 30, 193(2017).
[42]	C.D. Li, X.J. Wang, W.Q. Liu, K. Wu, H.L. Shi, C. Ding, X.S. Hu, M.Y. Zheng, Mater. Sci. Eng., A 597, 264 (2014).
[43]	W. Zhai, X. Shi, M. Wang, Z. Xu, J. Yao, S. Song, Y. Wang, Q. Zhang, J. Compos. Mater. 48, 3727(2014).