Enhancements of Passive Film and Pitting Resistance in Chloride Solution for 316LX Austenitic Stainless Steel After Sn Alloying

doi:10.1007/s40195-018-0855-9

Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters) ›› 2019, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (1): 98-106.DOI: 10.1007/s40195-018-0855-9

收稿日期:2018-10-09 修回日期:2018-10-30 出版日期:2019-01-10 发布日期:2019-01-18
作者简介:
Dao-Kui Xu Professor of IMR, CAS, and “Young Merit Scholar” of Corrosion Center in the Institute of Metal Research (IMR), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). He achieved Ph.D. degree from IMR, CAS, in 2008, during which he obtained “Chinese Academy of Sciences-BHP Billiton” Scholarship award, “Shi Changxu” Scholarship award and “Zhu-LiYueHua” Excellent Doctorate Student Scholarship of Chinese Academy of Sciences. He worked as a Research Fellow in ARC Center of Excellence, Design of Light Metals, Department of Materials Engineering, Monash University, Australia (2008.10-2011.10). He published more than 60 peer-reviewed scientific papers, attended 20 invited lectures and holds seven patents. His papers were cited more than 1200 times. His research interests mainly include: (1) fatigue behavior and fracture toughness of light metals, such as Mg, Al and Ti alloys; (2) effects of alloying, heat treatment and thermomechanical processes on the microstructural evolution and mechanical improvement of light metals; (3) corrosion, stress corrosion cracking and corrosion fatigue behavior of lightweight alloys; and (4) design of new lightweight alloys with a good balance of properties in terms of mechanical property and corrosion resistance.

Enhancements of Passive Film and Pitting Resistance in Chloride Solution for 316LX Austenitic Stainless Steel After Sn Alloying

Yuan-Yuan Yang¹, Yuan-Yuan Liu¹, Man-Lang Cheng¹, Nian-Wei Dai¹, Min Sun¹, Jin Li¹, Yi-Ming Jiang¹()

1. Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China

Received:2018-10-09 Revised:2018-10-30 Online:2019-01-10 Published:2019-01-18
Contact: Jiang Yi-Ming
About author:
Author brief introduction:Dao-Kui Xu Professor of IMR, CAS, and “Young Merit Scholar” of Corrosion Center in the Institute of Metal Research (IMR), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). He achieved Ph.D. degree from IMR, CAS, in 2008, during which he obtained “Chinese Academy of Sciences-BHP Billiton” Scholarship award, “Shi Changxu” Scholarship award and “Zhu-LiYueHua” Excellent Doctorate Student Scholarship of Chinese Academy of Sciences. He worked as a Research Fellow in ARC Center of Excellence, Design of Light Metals, Department of Materials Engineering, Monash University, Australia (2008.10-2011.10). He published more than 60 peer-reviewed scientific papers, attended 20 invited lectures and holds seven patents. His papers were cited more than 1200 times. His research interests mainly include: (1) fatigue behavior and fracture toughness of light metals, such as Mg, Al and Ti alloys; (2) effects of alloying, heat treatment and thermomechanical processes on the microstructural evolution and mechanical improvement of light metals; (3) corrosion, stress corrosion cracking and corrosion fatigue behavior of lightweight alloys; and (4) design of new lightweight alloys with a good balance of properties in terms of mechanical property and corrosion resistance.

摘要/Abstract

Abstract:

In the present work, the electrochemical behavior and properties of the passive film of a new Sn-alloyed 316LX austenitic stainless steel were investigated. With the increase in Sn content in 316LX austenitic stainless steel from 0 to 0.21%, the critical pitting temperature value increased from 32.6 to 38.8 °C, and the pitting potential increased from 0.252 V_SCE to 0.317 V_SCE. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results showed that the corrosion resistance of passive film rose with the increase in Sn content, indicating a more stable passive film. The Mott-Schottky measurement revealed an n-type passive film with a decreased carrier concentration on the 316LX austenitic stainless steel surface. The Cr, Sn²⁺ and Sn⁴⁺ (SnO, SnOHCl or SnO₂) enrichments were observed in the passive layer by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The enrichment of Sn and Cr in the passive film can account for the enhanced pitting resistance of 316LX austenitic stainless steel in chloride solution.

Key words: Austenitic stainless steel, Sn alloying, Pitting, Chloride solution

. [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2019, 32(1): 98-106.

Yuan-Yuan Yang, Yuan-Yuan Liu, Man-Lang Cheng, Nian-Wei Dai, Min Sun, Jin Li, Yi-Ming Jiang. Enhancements of Passive Film and Pitting Resistance in Chloride Solution for 316LX Austenitic Stainless Steel After Sn Alloying[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2019, 32(1): 98-106.

图/表 14

Table 1 Chemical compositions of 316LX ASS with different Sn addition (wt%)

Material	C	Si	Mn	S	P	Cr	Ni	Cu	Mo	N	Sn	Fe
316L-0Sn	0.027	0.49	1.37	0.004	0.009	16.20	10.19	0.17	2.11	0.024	-	Bal.
316L-0.062Sn	0.024	0.51	1.33	0.005	0.009	16.49	9.90	0.19	2.06	0.030	0.062	Bal.
316L-0.21Sn	0.022	0.45	1.36	0.003	0.009	16.33	10.05	0.19	2.07	0.026	0.21	Bal.

Fig. 1 a Typical current density curves for 316LX specimens in 1 mol/L NaCl solution, b derived CPT values with error bars for 316LX specimens with different Sn contents

Fig. 2 Potentiodynamic polarization curves for 316LX samples in 1 mol/L NaCl solution (i current density)

Fig. 3 Surface morphologies of pits on 316LX samples after potentiodynamic polarization test in 1 mol/L NaCl solution: a 316L-0Sn; b 316L-0.062Sn; c 316L-0.21Sn

Fig. 4 Current density curves versus elapsed time of 316LX samples in 1 mol/L NaCl solution at 100 mVSCE

Fig. 5 Nyquist plots of 316LX samples in 1 mol/L NaCl solution (Z’ real part of impedance; Z’’ imaginary part of impedance)

Fig. 6 Bode plots of 316LX samples in 1 mol/L NaCl solution (f frequency; Z impedance)

Fig. 7 Equivalent electric circuit model for interpretation of impedance spectra of 316LX samples in 1 mol/L NaCl solution

Table 2 Fitted results of impedance data for 316LX ASS samples in 1 mol/L NaCl solution

Material	R_s (Ω cm²)	Q₁ (Ω^-1 cm^-2 s^-ⁿ)	n ₁	R₁ (Ω cm²)	Q₂ (Ω^-1 cm^-2 s^-ⁿ)	n ₂	R₂ (Ω cm²)	R_p (Ω cm²)
316L-0Sn	11.46	4.389 × 10^-5	0.88	5.707 × 10⁵	8.084 × 10^-5	1	1.135 × 10⁵	6.842 × 10⁵
316L-0.062Sn	10.56	1.264 × 10^-4	1	7.198 × 10⁴	3.954 × 10^-5	0.89	6.126 × 10⁵	6.846 × 10⁵
316L-0.21Sn	9.574	1.394 × 10^-4	1	2.012 × 10⁴	3.059 × 10^-5	0.909	9.314 × 10⁵	9.515 × 10⁵

Fig. 8 Mott-Schottky plots of passive films on 316LX samples surface in 1 mol/L NaCl solution

Table 3 Semi-conductive parameters derived from Mott-Schottky plots for passive films obtained at 0 VSCE in 1 mol/L NaCl solution

Material	N_d (cm^-3)	E_fb (V)	L_ss (nm)
316L-0Sn	5.50 × 10²⁰	- 0.4460	1.183
316L-0.062Sn	4.22 × 10²⁰	- 0.4740	1.392
316L-0.21Sn	3.20 × 10²⁰	- 0.490	5.142

Fig. 9 XPS peak analysis for passive films on 316L-0 ASS in 1 mol/L NaCl solution: a Fe 2p3/2 spectra; b Cr 2p3/2 spectra

Fig. 10 XPS peak analysis for passive films on 316L-0.21Sn ASS in 1 mol/L NaCl solution: a Fe 2p3/2 spectra; b Cr 2p3/2 spectra; c Sn 3d3/2 spectra

Table 4 The derived composition data from XPS spectra for the 316L-0Sn and 316L-0.21Sn ASS samples (at%; the total atomic amounts of Cr, Fe, Sn and O elements have been set to 100 at%)

Material	O	Fe	Cr	Sn
316L-0Sn	64.98	30.49	4.53	-
316L-0.21Sn	67.10	14.85	12.01	6.04

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Enhancements of Passive Film and Pitting Resistance in Chloride Solution for 316LX Austenitic Stainless Steel After Sn Alloying

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