Analysis of Oxides Formed on the Surface of the Alloy 690 in Hydrogenated Supercritical Water

doi:10.1007/s40195-016-0440-z

摘要/Abstract

Abstract:

The oxides formed on the surface of the alloy 690 in hydrogenated supercritical water at 400 °C for 1000 h were investigated using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, scanning transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The oxides on the surface of the alloy 690 exhibited multi-layer structure: an outer layer consisted of granular crystallites (NiO and NiFe₂O₄) and a compact inner layer (spinel and Cr₂O₃). Chemical analysis indicated that the outer layer was enriched in nickel but depleted in chromium, whereas the inner layer was enriched in chromium and iron but depleted in nickel. The inner layer was also characterized as layered structure by Fe-rich spinel on top of continuous Cr₂O₃ layer. Besides, Cr₂O₃ nodules were readily observed at the oxides/alloy interface.

Key words: Alloy 690, Supercritical water, Oxides, Corrosion

. [J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2016, 29(8): 774-781.

Jin Gao,Fa-rong Wan,Guo-ping Cao,Kumar Sridharan,Todd Allen. Analysis of Oxides Formed on the Surface of the Alloy 690 in Hydrogenated Supercritical Water[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2016, 29(8): 774-781.

图/表 10

Fig. 1 Oxide images on the surface of alloy 690 exposed to hydrogenated SCW at 400 °C for 1000 h

Fig. 2 STEM HAADF images of oxides on alloy 690 exposed to hydrogenated SCW at 400 °C for 1000 h

Fig. 3 Oxides formed on the surface of the alloy 690 exposed to hydrogenated SCW at 400 °C for 1000 h: a STEM HAADF image; b high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) image for the large crystallite; c corresponding FFT of HRTEM image; d HRTEM image for both the inner and outer layers

Fig. 4 High-magnification images for the oxide/alloy interface region of alloy 690 exposed to hydrogenated SCW at 400 °C for 1000 h: a and b for the thick inner layer under the small NiO; c and d for the thin layer under the large NiFe2O4

Fig. 5 STEM image for the thick inner layer under granular NiO on the surface of the alloy 690 expose to hydrogenated SCW at 400 °C for 1000 h and corresponding selected-area diffraction patterns (SADPs)

Fig. 6 EDX mapping of the oxides formed on the surface of the alloy 690 exposed to hydrogenated SCW at 400 °C for 1000 h

Fig. 7 STEM images and EDX mapping a and profile b spanning oxide/alloy interface on the surface of the alloy 690 exposed to hydrogenated SCW at 400 °C for 1000 h

Fig. 8 Schematic mechanism of oxide formation on alloy 690 in hydrogenated SCW

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