Influence of Temperature on the Protectiveness and Morphological Characteristics of Calcareous Deposits Polarized by Galvanostatic Mode

doi:10.1007/s40195-013-0010-6

摘要/Abstract

Abstract:

The influence of temperature on calcareous deposits formed under galvanostatic polarization mode was studied. The deposition was monitored by electrochemical impedance spectrum, and a supplementary loop in Nyquist diagram at high frequency was found to be an indicator of deposits precipitation with sufficient protection at above 20 °C. An exponential increase of protectiveness with temperature was observed, which was quantified by linear polarization resistance technique. Observation by scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction analyses demonstrated that the critical temperature of calcium carbonate crystal form transition ranged from 15 to 20 °C. Calcite formed below 15 °C, while aragonite precipitated at above 20 °C.

Key words: Calcareous deposits, Temperature, Galvanostatic, Cathodic protection

. [J]. 金属学报英文版, 2014, 27(1): 131-139.

Chengjie Li, Min Du, Jing Qiu, Jing Zhang, Congjie Gao. Influence of Temperature on the Protectiveness and Morphological Characteristics of Calcareous Deposits Polarized by Galvanostatic Mode[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2014, 27(1): 131-139.

图/表 11

Fig. 1 Schematic illustrations of the electrochemical cell and temperature control

Fig. 2 Curves of the potential decay versus time at various temperatures by galvanostatic polarization at 200 mA/m2

Fig. 3 Nyquist diagrams at various temperatures: a without polarization (blank); b galvanostatic polarization for 168 h

Fig. 4 Schematic of the electrical equivalent circuit: a bare steel; b steel surface covered by calcareous deposits

Fig. 5 aRp versus temperature; bFp versus temperature curves after galvanostatic polarized for 168 h

Fig. 6 SEM observations of the deposits obtained at various temperatures by galvanostatic polarization for 168 h: a 30 °C; b 25 °C; c 20 °C; d 15 °C; e 10 °C; f 5 °C

Fig. 7 XRD analysis of the deposits formed at 20 °C a and 15 °C b on a steel substrate (A the diffraction lines of aragonite, C calcite, and α-Fe the steel substrate)

Table 1 EDX analysis results of Ca and Mg in the deposits performed at different temperatures

Temperature (°C)	Ca fraction (mol%)	Mg fraction (mol%)	Atomic ratio of Ca/Mg
5	10.84	3.61	3.00
10	14.44	2.84	5.08
15	13.97	1.51	9.25
20	15.53	0.10	155.30
25	16.85	0.07	240.71
30	15.88	0.09	176.44

Fig. 8 High-magnification SEM images of deposits crystals at various temperatures: a 20 °C; b 15 °C

Fig. 9 a Nyquist diagrams versus time; bFp versus time curve at 25 °C by galvanostatic polarization

Fig. 10 a SEM image of the new bare steel surface; b EDX spectra of the particular area after deposits exfoliated at 25 °C

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