Review of Hydrogen Embrittlement in Metals: Hydrogen Diffusion, Hydrogen Characterization, Hydrogen Embrittlement Mechanism and Prevention

Xinfeng Li, Xianfeng Ma, Jin Zhang, Eiji Akiyama, Yanfei Wang, Xiaolong Song

Table 3 Similarities and differences of different hydrogen characterization methods

Method Temperature Sample scale Hydrogen concentration type Mark Average hydrogen concentration GM 45 °C mm-scale Diffusible hydrogen IGFHCM > Melting point mm-scale Diffusible and non-diffusible hydrogen TDS 600-1000 °C mm-scale Diffusible and non-diffusible hydrogen Hydrogen trap activation energy Local hydrogen concentration SIMS Room temperature μm-scale Diffusible and non-diffusible hydrogen Hydrogen and grain boundary interactions HMT Room temperature μm-scale Diffusible and non-diffusible hydrogen Hydrogen and microstructure interactions APT Low temperature nm-scale Diffusible and non-diffusible hydrogen Hydrogen and precipitates interactions