Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

doi:10.1007/s40195-015-0253-5

金属学报英文版 ›› 2015, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (6): 725-732.DOI: 10.1007/s40195-015-0253-5

收稿日期:2014-07-24 修回日期:2014-12-01 出版日期:2015-03-19 发布日期:2015-07-23

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

Lei Li¹(), Bo Xu², Wei-Ping Tong¹, Hui Zhang¹, Chun-Yan Ban¹, Li-Zi He¹, Zhi-Hao Zhao¹, Yu-Bo Zuo¹, Qing-Feng Zhu¹, Jian-Zhong Cui¹

(1)Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
(2)School of Metallurgy and Energy, Hebei United University, Tangshan, 063009, China

Received:2014-07-24 Revised:2014-12-01 Online:2015-03-19 Published:2015-07-23

摘要/Abstract

Abstract:

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid (Pb)/liquid (Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field (≤0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level (0.8-5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.

Key words: Microstructural, evolution, Crystallization, behavior, Dendrite, growth, Diffusion, behavior, Magnetic, field, Solidification, pattern

. [J]. 金属学报英文版, 2015, 28(6): 725-732.

Lei Li, Bo Xu, Wei-Ping Tong, Hui Zhang, Chun-Yan Ban, Li-Zi He, Zhi-Hao Zhao, Yu-Bo Zuo, Qing-Feng Zhu, Jian-Zhong Cui. Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2015, 28(6): 725-732.

图/表 9

Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of Pb/Sn diffusion couple preparation

Fig. 2 Schematic diagram of the experimental apparatus

Fig. 3 a OM images of the microstructures of Sn-10 wt% Pb specimen; b Sn dendrites in the upper part of the liquid (Pb)/liquid (Sn) couple; c the magnified image of the eutectic region in b

Fig. 4 Microstructures of the top Sn side of the Pb-Sn couples which were solidified under SMF of 0.1 T a, 0.3 T b, 0.5 T c and 0.8 T d

Fig. 5 Microstructures of the top Sn side of the Pb-Sn couples which were solidified under SMF of 1 T a, 3 T b, 5 T c and 12 T d

Fig. 6 a Composition profiles of the Pb atoms changing from the initial ① to the final ⑤ with time in the whole melt; b Pb atoms distribution in the whole melt corresponding to a composition profile of ④ where A, B and C represent hypereutectic region, eutectic region and hypoeutectic region, respectively

Fig. 7 Phase diagram of Pb-Sn alloy [19]

Fig. 8 a Composition profile in Sn melt; b schematic diagram of the crystallization starting from the top of Sn melt; c schematic diagram of β-Sn crystals growing downwards continuously; d schematic diagram of β-Sn crystals deflecting from the axial direction

Fig. 9 Microstructure of Pb-Sn alloy in the hypoeutectic region

参考文献 26

[1]	W.A. Tiller, K.A. Jackson, J.W. Rutter, B. Chalmers,Acta Metall. 1, 428(1953)
[2]	W.W. Mullins, R.F. Sekerka, J. Appl. Phys. 35, 444(1964)
[3]	K.A. Jackso, J.D. Hunt, Trans. Metall. Soc. AIME 236, 1129 (1966)
[4]	A.F. Giamei, J.G. Tschinkel, Metall. Trans. A 7, 1427 (1976)
[5]	Y.G. Nakagawa, K. Murakami, A. Ohtomo, Y. Saiga,ISIJ Trans. 20, 614(1980)
[6]	H.Z. Fu, X.G. Geng,Sci. Technol. Adv. Mater. 2, 197(2001)
[7]	F.Q. Xie, J.S. L, H.Z. Fu,Chin. Sci. Bull. 45, 131(2000)
[8]	Z.M. Zhang, T. Lu, C.J. Xu, X.F. Guo, Acta Metall. (Engl. Lett.) 21, 275(2008)
[9]	M.C. Flemings, Solidification Processing (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1974)
[10]	T.J. Li, K. Sassa, S. Asai, Acta Metall. (Engl. Lett.) 10, 151(1997)
[11]	Y.B. Yu, Z.M. Ren, W.L. Ren, K. Deng, Y.B. Yun, Acta Metall. (Engl. Lett.) 22, 191(1997)
[12]	X.G. Zhang, Q. Zhao, J.S. Guo, Q.Y. Xing, L. Deng, X.G. Hou, C.F. Fang, Acta Metall. (Engl. Lett.) 26, 345(2013)
[13]	L. Li, Y.D. Zhang, C. Esling, Z.H. Zhao, Y.B. Zuo, H.T. Zhang, J.Z. Cui, J. Mater. Sci. 44, 1063(2009)
[14]	L. Li, Y.D. Zhang, C. Esling, Z.H. Zhao, Y.B. Zuo, H.T. Zhang, J.Z. Cui, J. Cryst. Growth 311, 3211 (2009)
[15]	X. Li, Y. Fautrelle, Z.M. Ren, J. Cryst. Growth 306, 187 (2007)
[16]	X. Li, Y. Fautrelle, Z.M. Ren,Acta Mater. 56, 3146(2008)
[17]	X. Li, Q.Y. Li, Z.M. Ren, Y. Fautrelle, X.G. Lu, A. Gagnoud, Y.D. Zhang, C. Esling, H. Wang, Y.M. Dai, Q.L. Wang, J. Alloys Compd. 581, 769(2013)
[18]	L. Li, Y.D. Zhang, C. Esling, H.X. Jiang, Z.H. Zhao, Y.B. Zuo, J.Z. Cui, J. Cryst. Growth 339, 61 (2012)
[19]	L. Li, Y.D. Zhang, C. Esling, K. Qin, Z.H. Zhao, Y.B. Zuo, J.Z. Cui, J. Appl. Cryst. 46, 421(2013)
[20]	L. Li, Z.H. Zhao, Y.B. Zuo, Q.F. Zhu, J.Z. Cui, J. Mater. Res. 28, 1567(2013)
[21]	L. Li, Z.B. Li, Y.D. Zhang, C. Esling, H.T. Liu, Z.H. Zhao, Q.F. Zhu, Y.B. Zuo, J.Z. Cui, J. Appl. Cryst. 47, 606(2014)
[22]	K.J. Puttlitz, K.A. Stalter, Handbook of Lead-Free Solder Technology for Microelectronic Assemblies (Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, 2004)
[23]	J.R. Carruthers, Preparation and Properties of Solid State Materials (Marcel Dekker, New York, 1997)
[24]	D.H. Matthiesen, M.J. Wargo, S. Motakef, D.J. Carlson, J.S. Nakos, A.F. Witt, J. Cryst. Growth 85, 557 (1987)
[25]	S.N. Tewari, R. Shah, S. Hui, Metall. Mater. Trans. A 25, 1535 (1994)
[26]	M.C. Flemings, C.M. Adams, E.E. Hucke, H.F. Talor, Trans. AFS 64, 636 (1956)

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 9

参考文献 26

相关文章 0

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价