Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters) ›› 2019, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (10): 1287-1297.DOI: 10.1007/s40195-019-00915-1
Special Issue: 2019年腐蚀专辑-1
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Xiao-Yang Wei1,2, Masoumeh Moradi1,3(), Li-Jing Yang1, Zhen-Lun Song1, Bi-Zhang Zheng1, Zhan-Peng Lu2
Received:
2018-11-11
Revised:
2019-04-11
Online:
2019-10-10
Published:
2019-09-17
Xiao-Yang Wei, Masoumeh Moradi, Li-Jing Yang, Zhen-Lun Song, Bi-Zhang Zheng, Zhan-Peng Lu. Influence of Static Low Electromagnetic Field on Copper Corrosion in the Presence of Multispecies Aerobic Bacteria[J]. Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 2019, 32(10): 1287-1297.
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Fig. 1 a Experimental set-up for low EMF with the DC generator, b schematic of flat-plate bioreactor equipped with a solenoid copper used in this study
Fig. 3 CLSM images of pure Cu exposed to artificial seawater inoculated with multispecies aerobic bacteria for 1 days a, a′, 5 days b, b′, 7 days c, c′ and 10 days d, d′ without a-d, with EMF a′-d′ with 50 rpm and 30 °C
Fig. 4 FTIR spectra of biofilm formed on pure Cu specimens exposed to sterile artificial seawater inoculated with multispecies aerobic bacteria without and with EMF for 10 days at 50 rpm and 30 °C
Fig. 5 Nyquist plots a-d and Bode diagrams a′-d′ obtained for pure Cu specimens exposed to sterile artificial seawater a, a′, b, b′ and inoculated medium with multispecies marine aerobic bacteria c, c′, d, d′ in the absence a, a′, c, c′, presence of EMF b, b′, d, d′ at different immersion times at 50 rpm and 30 °C
Sample | Rs (Ω cm2) | Rct (Ω cm2) | CPEdl (mF cm-2) | n | Rf (Ω cm2) | CPEp (mF cm-2) | n |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
In sterile artificial seawater | |||||||
First | 3.05 | 1137 | 0.392 | 0.73 | 2.63 | 9.55 | 0.36 |
After 1 day | 5.12 | 1286 | 0.405 | 0.73 | 1.07 | 1.29 | 0.43 |
After 3 days | 4.72 | 1661 | 1.25 | 0.8 | 39.95 | 0.347 | 0.78 |
After 5 days | 6.37 | 1367 | 1.58 | 0.47 | 20.01 | 0.554 | 0.71 |
After 7 days | 8.45 | 1298 | 1.71 | 0.58 | 11.79 | 0.51 | 0.89 |
After 10 days | 1.27 | 1070 | 2.26 | 0.8 | 4.14 | 0.161 | 0.69 |
In sterile artificial seawater introduced by EMF | |||||||
First | 3.01 | 14.89 | 0.318 | 0.8 | 14.89 | 2.01 | 0.8 |
After 1 day | 8.56 | 16.53 | 0.254 | 0.76 | 45.26 | 1.44 | 0.55 |
After 3 days | 9.48 | 2242 | 0.221 | 0.79 | 42.75 | 1.18 | 0.55 |
After 5 days | 6.45 | 2707 | 0.197 | 0.7 | 79.99 | 0.904 | 0.8 |
After 7 days | 6.26 | 2407 | 0.291 | 0.8 | 53.85 | 1.02 | 0.8 |
After 10 days | 5.18 | 2156 | 0.312 | 0.8 | 29.38 | 1.21 | 0.8 |
In the presence of multispecies aerobic bacteria | |||||||
First | 4.69 | 1909 | 0.756 | 0.65 | - | - | - |
After 1 day | 10.51 | 19,150 | 0.0544 | 0.6 | 501.1 | 0.00785 | 0.99 |
After 3 days | 16.7 | 19,020 | 0.0126 | 0.94 | 389 | 0.0543 | 0.63 |
After 5 days | 7.86 | 17,120 | 0.0633 | 0.72 | 462.5 | 0.00884 | 0.99 |
After 7 days | 10.25 | 10,610 | 0.0101 | 0.31 | 206.2 | 0.0844 | 0.81 |
After 10 days | 9.98 | 9845 | 0.0741 | 0.81 | 185.3 | 0.0185 | 0.8 |
In the presence of multispecies aerobic bacteria and EMF | |||||||
First | 1.86 | 2851 | 0.0256 | 0.99 | 403.1 | 0.190 | 0.52 |
After 1 day | 4.23 | 9975 | 0.0084 | 0.99 | 273 | 0.359 | 0.66 |
After 3 days | 4.16 | 16,550 | 0.0175 | 0.98 | 191.6 | 0.326 | 0.7 |
After 5 days | 5.59 | 12,820 | 0.026 | 0.98 | 243.7 | 0.322 | 0.71 |
After 7 days | 2.31 | 4596 | 0.205 | 0.98 | 31.42 | 0.42 | 0.52 |
After 10 days | 2.39 | 4098 | 0.277 | 0.87 | 12.88 | 0.53 | 0.49 |
Table 1 Electrical elements obtained from the best fitting of experimental impedance diagrams of the pure Cu/electrolyte interface, using Zsim program
Sample | Rs (Ω cm2) | Rct (Ω cm2) | CPEdl (mF cm-2) | n | Rf (Ω cm2) | CPEp (mF cm-2) | n |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
In sterile artificial seawater | |||||||
First | 3.05 | 1137 | 0.392 | 0.73 | 2.63 | 9.55 | 0.36 |
After 1 day | 5.12 | 1286 | 0.405 | 0.73 | 1.07 | 1.29 | 0.43 |
After 3 days | 4.72 | 1661 | 1.25 | 0.8 | 39.95 | 0.347 | 0.78 |
After 5 days | 6.37 | 1367 | 1.58 | 0.47 | 20.01 | 0.554 | 0.71 |
After 7 days | 8.45 | 1298 | 1.71 | 0.58 | 11.79 | 0.51 | 0.89 |
After 10 days | 1.27 | 1070 | 2.26 | 0.8 | 4.14 | 0.161 | 0.69 |
In sterile artificial seawater introduced by EMF | |||||||
First | 3.01 | 14.89 | 0.318 | 0.8 | 14.89 | 2.01 | 0.8 |
After 1 day | 8.56 | 16.53 | 0.254 | 0.76 | 45.26 | 1.44 | 0.55 |
After 3 days | 9.48 | 2242 | 0.221 | 0.79 | 42.75 | 1.18 | 0.55 |
After 5 days | 6.45 | 2707 | 0.197 | 0.7 | 79.99 | 0.904 | 0.8 |
After 7 days | 6.26 | 2407 | 0.291 | 0.8 | 53.85 | 1.02 | 0.8 |
After 10 days | 5.18 | 2156 | 0.312 | 0.8 | 29.38 | 1.21 | 0.8 |
In the presence of multispecies aerobic bacteria | |||||||
First | 4.69 | 1909 | 0.756 | 0.65 | - | - | - |
After 1 day | 10.51 | 19,150 | 0.0544 | 0.6 | 501.1 | 0.00785 | 0.99 |
After 3 days | 16.7 | 19,020 | 0.0126 | 0.94 | 389 | 0.0543 | 0.63 |
After 5 days | 7.86 | 17,120 | 0.0633 | 0.72 | 462.5 | 0.00884 | 0.99 |
After 7 days | 10.25 | 10,610 | 0.0101 | 0.31 | 206.2 | 0.0844 | 0.81 |
After 10 days | 9.98 | 9845 | 0.0741 | 0.81 | 185.3 | 0.0185 | 0.8 |
In the presence of multispecies aerobic bacteria and EMF | |||||||
First | 1.86 | 2851 | 0.0256 | 0.99 | 403.1 | 0.190 | 0.52 |
After 1 day | 4.23 | 9975 | 0.0084 | 0.99 | 273 | 0.359 | 0.66 |
After 3 days | 4.16 | 16,550 | 0.0175 | 0.98 | 191.6 | 0.326 | 0.7 |
After 5 days | 5.59 | 12,820 | 0.026 | 0.98 | 243.7 | 0.322 | 0.71 |
After 7 days | 2.31 | 4596 | 0.205 | 0.98 | 31.42 | 0.42 | 0.52 |
After 10 days | 2.39 | 4098 | 0.277 | 0.87 | 12.88 | 0.53 | 0.49 |
Fig. 6 Equivalent circuit model for the evaluation of the experimental impedance diagrams of pure Cu in the sterile artificial seawater and in the presence of multispecies marine aerobic bacteria without and with EMF
Fig. 7 Tafel polarisation curves of pure Cu in the sterile artificial seawater a and in the presence of multispecies marine aerobic bacteria b without and with EMF for 7 days of exposure at 50 rpm and 30 °C
Solution | Ecorr (V vs. SCE) | icorr (μA cm-2) | βc (mV dec-1) | βa (mV dec-1) | Corrosion rate (mm/year) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sterile artificial seawater without EMF | - 0.318 | 67.1 | - 103 | 161 | 0.784 |
Sterile artificial seawater with EMF | - 0.269 | 1.74 | - 75 | 85 | 0.020 |
Artificial seawater containing multispecies bacteria without EMF | - 0.334 | 10.05 | - 121 | 104 | 0.117 |
Artificial seawater containing multispecies bacteria with EMF | - 0.277 | 21.8 | - 81 | 100 | 0.255 |
Table 2 Potentiodynamic polarisation parameters of pure copper metal immersed in the sterile artificial seawater and in the presence of multispecies marine aerobic bacteria in the presence and absence of EMF after 10 days of exposure at 30 °C and 50 rpm
Solution | Ecorr (V vs. SCE) | icorr (μA cm-2) | βc (mV dec-1) | βa (mV dec-1) | Corrosion rate (mm/year) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sterile artificial seawater without EMF | - 0.318 | 67.1 | - 103 | 161 | 0.784 |
Sterile artificial seawater with EMF | - 0.269 | 1.74 | - 75 | 85 | 0.020 |
Artificial seawater containing multispecies bacteria without EMF | - 0.334 | 10.05 | - 121 | 104 | 0.117 |
Artificial seawater containing multispecies bacteria with EMF | - 0.277 | 21.8 | - 81 | 100 | 0.255 |
Fig. 8 FESEM images of pure Cu in the presence of artificial seawater inoculated with multispecies marine aerobic bacteria without a, a′, c, c′ and with EMF b, b′, d, d′ before a, a′, b, b′, after removing biofilm c, c′, d, d′
Fig. 9 CLSM analyses of pits on pure Cu samples exposed to artificial seawater inoculated with multispecies marine aerobic bacteria without a, with EMF b for 10 days at 50 rpm and 30 °C
Fig. 10 High-resolution XPS spectra of a, a′ O1s, b, b′ Cu 2p, c, c′ C 1s, and d, d′ N 1s for pure Cu samples exposed to artificial seawater inoculated with multispecies marine aerobic bacteria without a-d, with EMF a′-d′ for 10 days at 50 rpm and 30 °C
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